[Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in children with atypical autism comorbid with psychomotor disinhibition syndrome]. / Protonnaya magnitno-rezonansnaya spektroskopiya u detei s atipichnym autizmom, sochetayushchimsya s sindromom psikhomotornoi rastormozhennosti.

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) metabolism and choline (Cl) metabolism in different parts of the brain based on magnetic resonance spectrography (1H-MRS) with clinical manifestations of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-two children (16 boys, 6 girls), aged 2-10 years, were studied. Russian-language adapted versions of the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC) and the Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form (NCBRF) were administered. The ratio of metabolites NAA/creatine (Cr), Cho/Cr, Cho/NAA in the prefrontal cortex, postcentral gyrus and temporal lobes was studied using 1H-MRS. RESULTS: The following correlations were found: 1) between the NAA/Cr value and the Sensory/Cognitive Awareness scale in the prefrontal cortex on the left (ρ=0.479) and on the right (ρ=0.483); the Health/Physical Behavior scale in the precentral gyrus on the left (ρ=0.572) and on the right (ρ=0.463); the Sociability scale in the temporal lobe on the left (ρ=0.481) and on the right (ρ=0.796); the Speech/Language/Communication scale in the right temporal lobe (ρ=-0.552); 2) between the Cho/Cr value and the Adaptive Social scale in the postcentral gyrus on the left (ρ=-0.466) and on the right (ρ=-0.518); the Compliant/Calm scale in the prefrontal cortex on the right (ρ=0.624) and on the left (ρ=-0.541); 3) between the Cho/NAA ratio and the Speech/Language/Communication scale in the right pre-central (ρ=-0.471) and post-central gyrus (ρ=-0.507); the Self-Isolated/Ritualistic¼ scale in the left (ρ=-0.486) and right temporal lobe (ρ=-0.596). CONCLUSIONS: Thus, the predominant localization of disorders of N-acetylaspartate metabolism in communication disorders (bilaterally in the temporal lobes), cognitive, behavioral and somatic manifestations (bilaterally in the prefrontal regions) was established. Increased CI metabolism has identified deficits in interaction skills in both postcentral gyrus, and reveals bilateral differences in the effect on behavioral control in the prefrontal cortex. The results confirm the previously established numerous patterns between abnormal activation of the prefrontal cortex and neuronal dysfunction in ASD. But unlike other studies, it was possible to trace these relationships within a narrower phenotype of disorders - atypical autism comorbid with psychomotor disinhibition.

[Multiple sclerosis vaccine: possibilities of the use of dendritic cells immunomodulatory potential].

For the first time we carried out a clinical assessment of the safety, tolerability and clinical efficacy course of repeated administration of experimental modified autologous vaccine interleykin (IL-10) dendritic cells in two patients with secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis patient and one with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. In the course of treatment, we carried out clinical and immunological monitoring. It was found out that intradermal dose of 3 x 106 cells applied to spinal area 6-12. times did not cause any serious side effects. After the treatment with dendritic cells, the following results were observed: 1) a significant positive clinical effect in patients with secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis exacerbations; 2) moderate positive clinical effect in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, in a state of remission; 3) a complete absence of any clinical results in patients with secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis without exacerbations. The immune response was characterized by a significant absolute and relative increase of serum T-regulatory cells. Discovered distinct anti-inflammatory properties of dendritic cell therapy allow us to consider it as a promising area of personalized treatment based on an individual vaccination against multiple sclerosis.

Characteristics of neurological and cognitive status in patients with multiple sclerosis in relation to the location and volumes of demyelination foci and the severity of brain atrophy.

A total of 65 patients with clinically significant diagnoses of remitting multiple sclerosis in the stage of remission were studied. Neurological status was investigated with assessment on the FS and EDSS scales, with neuropsychological testing, and MRI scans (1.5 T). The severity of brain atrophy (in terms of the parenchyma volume) and the total volume of foci on T2 images were assessed as proportions of intracerebral volume. The severity of neurological deficit depended on the volume of intratentorial focal lesions and the level of brain atrophy. Cognitive disorders were identified in 89% of patients, and the severity of these was associated with the level of atrophy and the volume of foci on T2 images in the dominant hemisphere.