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1.
Med Teach ; 38(2): 141-9, 2016.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26398270

ABSTRACT

Medical education fellowship programs (MEFPs) are a form of faculty development contributing to an organization's educational mission and participants' career development. Building an MEFP requires a systematic design, implementation, and evaluation approach which aligns institutional and individual faculty goals. Implementing an MEFP requires a team of committed individuals who provide expertise, guidance, and mentoring. Qualified MEFP directors should utilize instructional methods that promote individual and institutional short and long term growth. Directors must balance the use of traditional design, implementation, and evaluation methodologies with advancing trends that may support or threaten the acceptability and sustainability of the program. Drawing on the expertise of 28 MEFP directors, we provide twelve tips as a guide to those implementing, sustaining, and/or growing a successful MEFP whose value is demonstrated by its impacts on participants, learners, patients, teaching faculty, institutions, the greater medical education community, and the population's health.


Subject(s)
Education, Medical , Fellowships and Scholarships/standards , Program Development/methods , Faculty, Medical , Guidelines as Topic , Humans , Staff Development
2.
Abdom Imaging ; 39(1): 86-91, 2014 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24271078

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Oncocytic adrenal neoplasms (OANs) are rare, but are an important subtype of adrenal tumors that is being diagnosed with increasing frequency. Unfortunately, the imaging characteristics of this tumor have not been well described. Our purpose was to identify CT features to differentiate OANs from adrenocortical carcinomas (ACC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1991 to 2012, 18 patients with OANs were identified from our institution's pathology database. Twelve had CT examinations available for review. CT characteristics of five benign and seven malignant OANs were reviewed by two abdominal radiologists, and compared to ACC (n = 10). Morphologic characteristics and density measurements were recorded for each imaging phase. Absolute contrast washout was calculated and compared. RESULTS: Benign OANs were smaller [mean size 3.7 cm (range 2.6-5.3)] and more homogeneous than malignant OANs and demonstrated greater washout [mean washout percentage 72.3% (range 61-88)]. Malignant OANs demonstrated features similar to ACCs, including size [mean 9.4 cm (range 5.2-9.8)] and internal necrosis (n = 6). Mean enhancement washout percentage for malignant OANs was 12% (range -8 to 32). CONCLUSION: Benign OANs (oncocytomas) may be distinguished from lipid-rich adenomas on non-contrast CT but may be indistinguishable from lipid-poor adenomas. Malignant oncocytic neoplasms can demonstrate features similar to ACCs, including larger size, internal necrosis, and lower percentage enhancement washout.


Subject(s)
Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Adrenocortical Carcinoma/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Adolescent , Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms/pathology , Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/pathology , Adrenocortical Carcinoma/pathology , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Young Adult
3.
J Cutan Pathol ; 40(7): 639-45, 2013 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23600956

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) arises most commonly in the proximal extremities of the elderly, where it may involve subcutaneous and dermal tissues and masquerade as benign entities in limited biopsy samples. We encountered such a case, in which positivity for CD34 and morphologic features were initially wrongly interpreted as a 'low-fat/fat-free' spindle cell/pleomorphic lipoma. Case series have not assessed prevalence of CD34 reactivity among cutaneous examples of MFS. METHODS: We performed a systematic review of our institution's experience, selecting from among unequivocal MFS resection specimens those superficial cases in which a limited biopsy sample might prove difficult to interpret. These cases were immunostained for CD34 and tabulated for clinicopathologic characteristics. RESULTS: After review of all MFS diagnoses over 5 years (n = 56), we identified a study group of superficial MFS for comparison to the index case (total n = 8). Of these, the index and three additional cases (4 of 8, 50%; 2 low, 2 high grade) demonstrated positive staining for CD34, with diffuse staining of spindled cells including cellular processes. Four additional cases showed no or equivocal/rare staining. CONCLUSIONS: CD34 positivity should be recognized as prevalent among such cases and should not be inappropriately construed as inveighing against a diagnosis of MFS in favor of benign entities.


Subject(s)
Antigens, CD34 , Fibroma/pathology , Fibrosarcoma/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies
5.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15450863

ABSTRACT

Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), especially those that are estrogenic, are an issue of growing concern because they may ultimately adversely affect wildlife survival. 17-beta-Estradiol and its synthetic counterpart, 17-alpha-ethinylestradiol, two common EDCs, are associated with intersex conditions and impaired male reproductive behavior in fish. Male and female Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) were exposed to 10 ng/l ethinylestradiol for 6 months. Using terminal dideoxynucleotidyl-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) to quantitate cell death, we found that ethinylestradiol-exposed males had significantly fewer apoptotic cells in the forebrain compared to untreated males and exposed females. Our results show that the effects of ethinylestradiol exposure are highly variable among individuals of the same species and even within tissues of the same individual. Thus, when examining the effects of EDCs on natural populations, data from a variety of tissues should be examined and the interpretation of any effects should include consideration of tissue-specific processes.


Subject(s)
Apoptosis/drug effects , Environmental Exposure , Ethinyl Estradiol/pharmacology , Oryzias/physiology , Prosencephalon/cytology , Prosencephalon/drug effects , Animals , Apoptosis/physiology , Environmental Exposure/adverse effects , Female , Male , Prosencephalon/physiology , Water/pharmacology
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