ABSTRACT
Munchausen syndrome is a factitious disorder that is difficult to diagnose and treat. This article clarifies points for clinical recognition and management of patients with this condition. Patients with this condition often are dramatic and provide false and/or exaggerated symptoms or information. They solicit attention from physicians, going doctor-to-doctor, having repeated diagnostic tests, procedures, hospitalizations, and evidence little improvement. Adherence to treatment plans is generally suboptimal and the patients frequently leave the hospital against medical advice. A compassionate, multidisciplinary approach to treatment is advised. It often includes conjoint clinical communication between the primary care physician and a psychiatrist. Open, supportive discussion with the patient about his or her condition is important. Long-term psychotherapy and follow-up are recommended.
Subject(s)
Munchausen Syndrome/diagnosis , Munchausen Syndrome/psychology , Disease Management , Humans , Munchausen Syndrome/epidemiology , Psychotherapeutic ProcessesABSTRACT
From awareness to advocacy, here's what you need to know to prevent burnout from taking hold.
Subject(s)
Burnout, Professional/prevention & control , Burnout, Professional/psychology , Physicians/psychology , Burnout, Professional/epidemiology , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
Sports-related encephalopathies are a growing concern among athletes who have experienced head trauma. Anxiety is heightened for the public and especially among parents of children playing contact sports. The most common neuropsychological conditions are concussions and traumatic encephalopathies. Concussions result from brain traumas that can be asymptomatic, but more serious concussions can include loss of consciousness, neurological abnormalities, and/or posttraumatic amnesias. Repetitive concussions lead to persistent brain pathology, known as chronic traumatic encephalopathies. This gradually progressive neurodegenerative disease frequently presents with cognitive and neurological deficits, which can result in significant parkinsonian features and dementia. Imaging studies may be noncontributory; however, diffusion tensor imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and functional magnetic resonance imaging can detect changes indicative of these encephalopathies. Progressive neuronal degeneration with tau proteins are documented on pathological examination. Prevention, early diagnosis, and proper treatment are the recommended approach to these conditions.
Subject(s)
Athletic Injuries/prevention & control , Brain Concussion/prevention & control , Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy/prevention & control , Athletic Injuries/diagnosis , Athletic Injuries/pathology , Athletic Injuries/therapy , Brain Concussion/diagnosis , Brain Concussion/pathology , Brain Concussion/therapy , Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy/diagnosis , Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy/pathology , Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy/therapy , Head Protective Devices , Health Education , Humans , Personal Protective Equipment , Return to Sport/standardsABSTRACT
This quick guide provides you with naloxone dosing information and steps you'll want to take once the crisis has passed.
