PERIOPERATIVE CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY AND ADJUVANT CHEMORADIOTHERAPY IN THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF GASTRIC CANCER IN A HOSPITAL OF THE BRAZILIAN UNIFIED HEALTH SYSTEM.

BACKGROUND: Despite the preference for multimodal treatment for gastric cancer, abandonment of chemotherapy treatment as well as the need for upfront surgery in obstructed patients brings negative impacts on the treatment. The difficulty of accessing treatment in specialized centers in the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS) scenario is an aggravating factor. AIMS: To identify advantages, prognostic factors, complications, and neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies survival in gastric cancer treatment in SUS setting. METHODS: The retrospective study included 81 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma who underwent treatment according to INT0116 trial (adjuvant chemoradiotherapy), CLASSIC trial (adjuvant chemotherapy), FLOT4-AIO trial (perioperative chemotherapy), and surgery with curative intention (R0 resection and D2 lymphadenectomy) in a single cancer center between 2015 and 2020. Individuals with other histological types, gastric stump, esophageal cancer, other treatment protocols, and stage Ia or IV were excluded. RESULTS: Patients were grouped into FLOT4-AIO (26 patients), CLASSIC (25 patients), and INT0116 (30 patients). The average age was 61 years old. More than 60% of patients had pathological stage III. The treatment completion rate was 56%. The pathological complete response rate of the FLOT4-AIO group was 7.7%. Among the prognostic factors that impacted overall survival and disease-free survival were alcoholism, early postoperative complications, and anatomopathological status pN2 and pN3. The 3-year overall survival rate was 64.9%, with the CLASSIC subgroup having the best survival (79.8%). CONCLUSIONS: The treatment strategy for gastric cancer varies according to the need for initial surgery. The CLASSIC subgroup had better overall survival and disease-free survival. The INT0116 regimen also protected against mortality, but not with statistical significance. Although FLOT4-AIO is the preferred treatment, the difficulty in carrying out neoadjuvant treatment in SUS scenario had a negative impact on the results due to the criticality of food intake and worse treatment tolerance.

IMPACT OF KRAS MUTATIONS IN CLINICAL FEATURES IN COLORECTAL CANCER.

BACKGROUND: KRAS mutations are important events in colorectal carcinogenesis, as well as negative predictors of response to EGFR inhibitors treatment. AIM: To investigate the association of clinical-pathological features with KRAS mutations in colorectal cancer patients treated. METHODS: Data from 69 patients with colorectal cancer either metastatic at diagnosis or later, were retrospectively analyzed. The direct sequencing and pyrosequencing techniques were related to KRAS exon 2. The mutation diagnosis and its type were determined. RESULTS: KRAS mutation was identified in 43.4% of patients. The most common was c.35G>T (p.G12V), c.35G>A (p.G12D) and c.38G>A (p.G13D). No correlation was found between KRAS mutation and age (p=0.646) or gender (p=0.815). However, mutated group had higher CEA levels at admission (p=0.048) and codon 13 mutation was associated with involvement of more than one metastatic site in disease progression (p=0.029). Although there was no association between primary tumor site and mutation diagnosis (p=0.568), primary colon was associated with worse overall survival (p=0.009). CONCLUSION: The KRAS mutation was identified in almost half of patients. Mutated KRAS group had higher levels of CEA at admission and the mutation at codon 13 was associated with involvement of more than one metastatic site in the course of the disease. Colon disease was associated with the worst overall survival.

Impact of kras mutations in clinical features in colorectal cancer / Impacto das mutações kras e características clínicas em câncer colorretal

ABSTRACT Background: KRAS mutations are important events in colorectal carcinogenesis, as well as negative predictors of response to EGFR inhibitors treatment. Aim: To investigate the association of clinical-pathological features with KRAS mutations in colorectal cancer patients treated. Methods: Data from 69 patients with colorectal cancer either metastatic at diagnosis or later, were retrospectively analyzed. The direct sequencing and pyrosequencing techniques were related to KRAS exon 2. The mutation diagnosis and its type were determined. Results: KRAS mutation was identified in 43.4% of patients. The most common was c.35G>T (p.G12V), c.35G>A (p.G12D) and c.38G>A (p.G13D). No correlation was found between KRAS mutation and age (p=0.646) or gender (p=0.815). However, mutated group had higher CEA levels at admission (p=0.048) and codon 13 mutation was associated with involvement of more than one metastatic site in disease progression (p=0.029). Although there was no association between primary tumor site and mutation diagnosis (p=0.568), primary colon was associated with worse overall survival (p=0.009). Conclusion: The KRAS mutation was identified in almost half of patients. Mutated KRAS group had higher levels of CEA at admission and the mutation at codon 13 was associated with involvement of more than one metastatic site in the course of the disease. Colon disease was associated with the worst overall survival.

RESUMO Racional: Mutações KRAS são eventos importantes na carcinogênese colorretal como preditores negativos de resposta ao tratamento. Objetivo: Investigar a associação de características clinicopatológicas com mutações no KRAS em pacientes com câncer colorretal tratados. Métodos: Sessenta e nove pacientes com câncer colorretal metastáticos ao diagnóstico ou posteriormente foram analisados. As técnicas de sequenciamento direto e pirosequenciamento foram relacionadas ao éxon 2 do KRAS e o diagnóstico da mutação e seu tipo foram determinados. Resultados: A mutação KRAS foi identificada em 43,4% dos pacientes, c.35G>T (p.G12V), c.35G>A (p.G12D) e c.38G>A (p.G13D). Não foi encontrada correlação entre a mutação KRAS e a idade (p=0,646) ou o gênero (p=0,815). No entanto, o grupo mutado apresentou níveis mais altos de CEA na admissão (p=0,048). A mutação do códon 13 foi associada ao envolvimento de mais de um local metastático na progressão da doença (p=0,029); não houve associação entre o local primário do tumor e o diagnóstico de mutação (p=0,568); a doença primária do cólon foi associada com pior sobrevida global (p=0,009). Conclusão: A mutação KRAS foi identificada em quase metade dos pacientes. O grupo KRAS mutado apresentou níveis mais altos de CEA na admissão e a mutação no códon 13 foi associada ao envolvimento de mais de um local metastático no curso da doença. A doença do cólon foi associada com pior sobrevida global.

MASTICATORY FUNCTION OF OBESE CANDIDATES TO BARIATRIC SURGERY FROM DISTINCT SOCIOECONOMIC CLASSES.

Background: Obesity and metabolic syndrome can be labeled as worldwide outbreak; thus, both have led to serious public health problem. Oral health can be worsened by both, obesity and metabolic syndrome. Tooth loss harms masticatory function, essential status to whom will be submitted to bariatric surgery. Aim: Assess masticatory function of obese candidates to bariatric surgery, who belong to distinct socioeconomic class range, in order to recognize hazard factors and the bias of socioeconomic factor in this context. Methods: Observational cross-section study, with samples comprised by two groups of patients, with distinct socioeconomic class range, one of them belonging to public health system (SUSG) and the other to private clinic (CPG), candidates to bariatric surgery. Were assessed anthropometric data, comorbidities and medicines usage, blood tests, habits and the number of dental functional units. Results: The groups SUSG and CPG were homogeneous taking into account gender (p=0,890) and age range (p=0,170). The number of dental functional units was higher in the private group (p<0.001). The impaired masticatory function was rather present among public group (p<0.001) and female gender (p<0,001). Regarded as blood tests, fasting glucose was higher in female in SUSG (p<0,001). The following hazard factors have corroborated to have patients rated as impaired masticatory function: belong to public service (OR: 8.420, p=0.003), higher age (OR: 1.186, p<0.001), female gender (OR: 0.153, p=0.029), diabetes mellitus (OR: 2.545, p=0.045) and smokers (OR: 2.951, p=0.043). Conclusion: The general health and masticatory function of female SUSG were worse, highlighting the socioeconomic condition as hazard factor.

Racional: Obesidade e síndrome metabólica são graves problemas de saúde pública, com características de epidemia mundial. A saúde bucal é agravada por ambas as condições. Perda dentária prejudica função mastigatória, condição essencial para o paciente que será submetido à cirurgia bariátrica. Objetivo: Avaliar a função mastigatória de pacientes obesos candidatos à cirurgia bariátrica pertencentes a dois serviços de saúde com padrões socioeconômicos distintos, afim de identificar fatores de risco e a influência do fator socioeconômico nesta condição. Métodos: Estudo observacional transversal, com amostra constituída por dois grupos de pacientes obesos, com condições socioeconômicas distintas, um pertencente ao sistema público de saúde (GSUS) e outro à clínica privada (GCP), candidatos à cirurgia bariátrica. Foram analisados dados antropométricos, comorbidades e uso de medicamentos para seu controle, exames laboratoriais, hábitos e o número de unidades funcionais dentárias presentes. Resultados: Os grupos GSUS e GCP foram homogêneos quanto ao gênero (p=0,890) e faixa etária (p=0,170). A média de unidades funcionais dentárias foi maior no grupo privado (p<0,001). A função mastigatória prejudicada foi mais presente no grupo GSUS e no gênero feminino (p<0,001). Quanto aos exames laboratoriais: glicemia de jejum esteve mais alterada em mulheres do GSUS (p<0,001). Foram fatores de risco independentes para ter função mastigatória prejudicada: ter origem no serviço público de saúde (OR: 8,420 - p=0,003), maior idade (OR: 1,186 - p<0,001), ser do gênero feminino (OR: 0,153 - p=0,029), portador de diabete melito (OR: 2,545 - p=0,045) e tabagista (OR: 2,951 - p=0,043). Conclusão: A saúde geral e função mastigatória de mulheres do GSUS foram piores, ressaltando a condição socioeconômica como fator de risco.

MASTICATORY FUNCTION OF OBESE CANDIDATES TO BARIATRIC SURGERY FROM DISTINCT SOCIOECONOMIC CLASSES / FUNÇÃO MASTIGATÓRIA DE OBESOS CANDIDATOS À CIRURGIA BARIÁTRICA ORIUNDOS DE CLASSES SOCIOECONÔMICAS DISTINTAS

ABSTRACT Background: Obesity and metabolic syndrome can be labeled as worldwide outbreak; thus, both have led to serious public health problem. Oral health can be worsened by both, obesity and metabolic syndrome. Tooth loss harms masticatory function, essential status to whom will be submitted to bariatric surgery. Aim: Assess masticatory function of obese candidates to bariatric surgery, who belong to distinct socioeconomic class range, in order to recognize hazard factors and the bias of socioeconomic factor in this context. Methods: Observational cross-section study, with samples comprised by two groups of patients, with distinct socioeconomic class range, one of them belonging to public health system (SUSG) and the other to private clinic (CPG), candidates to bariatric surgery. Were assessed anthropometric data, comorbidities and medicines usage, blood tests, habits and the number of dental functional units. Results: The groups SUSG and CPG were homogeneous taking into account gender (p=0,890) and age range (p=0,170). The number of dental functional units was higher in the private group (p<0.001). The impaired masticatory function was rather present among public group (p<0.001) and female gender (p<0,001). Regarded as blood tests, fasting glucose was higher in female in SUSG (p<0,001). The following hazard factors have corroborated to have patients rated as impaired masticatory function: belong to public service (OR: 8.420, p=0.003), higher age (OR: 1.186, p<0.001), female gender (OR: 0.153, p=0.029), diabetes mellitus (OR: 2.545, p=0.045) and smokers (OR: 2.951, p=0.043). Conclusion: The general health and masticatory function of female SUSG were worse, highlighting the socioeconomic condition as hazard factor.

RESUMO Racional: Obesidade e síndrome metabólica são graves problemas de saúde pública, com características de epidemia mundial. A saúde bucal é agravada por ambas as condições. Perda dentária prejudica função mastigatória, condição essencial para o paciente que será submetido à cirurgia bariátrica. Objetivo: Avaliar a função mastigatória de pacientes obesos candidatos à cirurgia bariátrica pertencentes a dois serviços de saúde com padrões socioeconômicos distintos, afim de identificar fatores de risco e a influência do fator socioeconômico nesta condição. Métodos: Estudo observacional transversal, com amostra constituída por dois grupos de pacientes obesos, com condições socioeconômicas distintas, um pertencente ao sistema público de saúde (GSUS) e outro à clínica privada (GCP), candidatos à cirurgia bariátrica. Foram analisados dados antropométricos, comorbidades e uso de medicamentos para seu controle, exames laboratoriais, hábitos e o número de unidades funcionais dentárias presentes. Resultados: Os grupos GSUS e GCP foram homogêneos quanto ao gênero (p=0,890) e faixa etária (p=0,170). A média de unidades funcionais dentárias foi maior no grupo privado (p<0,001). A função mastigatória prejudicada foi mais presente no grupo GSUS e no gênero feminino (p<0,001). Quanto aos exames laboratoriais: glicemia de jejum esteve mais alterada em mulheres do GSUS (p<0,001). Foram fatores de risco independentes para ter função mastigatória prejudicada: ter origem no serviço público de saúde (OR: 8,420 - p=0,003), maior idade (OR: 1,186 - p<0,001), ser do gênero feminino (OR: 0,153 - p=0,029), portador de diabete melito (OR: 2,545 - p=0,045) e tabagista (OR: 2,951 - p=0,043). Conclusão: A saúde geral e função mastigatória de mulheres do GSUS foram piores, ressaltando a condição socioeconômica como fator de risco.

Profile of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST).

BACKGROUND: There is an improvement on the GIST treatment in last decade due to biomolecular research and adjuvant therapy with tyrosine kinases inibitors. However, both modalities of treatment rarely are available in Brazilian public hospital. AIM: Evaluate GIST patients profile in public oncologic hospital. METHODS: A retrospective study was made on patients with GIST diagnosed and treated between 2001 and 2013. RESULTS: Sixty-nine patients were included, mean age 59 years with slight predominance in females (51%). The main symptom was abdominal pain associated with incidental imaging finding. The occurrence of other associated neoplasm was in 28.8% of cases. The positivity of CD117 was 97.1%. The most frequent location was the stomach in 55.1% of cases. The R0 resection was possible in 63.8% and the recurrence rate was 20.3 %, with liver and peritoneum the main affected sites. Overall survival in the whole sample was 71%. Free survival rate of disease was 64%. The use of imatinib was limited to patients with residual disease (unresectable disease, R2 and R1 resection), metastatic disease or recurrence. CONCLUSION: In order to improve GIST treatment is necessary to add the biomolecular analysis to risk stratification. However, for this to occur, incentive in biomolecular research is required, to increase the possibility of patient survival.

Profile of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) / Perfil de pacientes portadores de tumores estromais gastrointestinais (GIST)

BACKGROUND: There is an improvement on the GIST treatment in last decade due to biomolecular research and adjuvant therapy with tyrosine kinases inibitors. However, both modalities of treatment rarely are available in Brazilian public hospital. AIM: Evaluate GIST patients profile in public oncologic hospital. METHODS: A retrospective study was made on patients with GIST diagnosed and treated between 2001 and 2013. RESULTS: Sixty-nine patients were included, mean age 59 years with slight predominance in females (51%). The main symptom was abdominal pain associated with incidental imaging finding. The occurrence of other associated neoplasm was in 28.8% of cases. The positivity of CD117 was 97.1%. The most frequent location was the stomach in 55.1% of cases. The R0 resection was possible in 63.8% and the recurrence rate was 20.3 %, with liver and peritoneum the main affected sites. Overall survival in the whole sample was 71%. Free survival rate of disease was 64%. The use of imatinib was limited to patients with residual disease (unresectable disease, R2 and R1 resection), metastatic disease or recurrence. CONCLUSION: In order to improve GIST treatment is necessary to add the biomolecular analysis to risk stratification. However, for this to occur, incentive in biomolecular research is required, to increase the possibility of patient survival. .

RACIONAL: O tratamento do GIST tem se aprimorado muito na última década através das pesquisas biomoleculares e o uso adjuvante dos inibidores das tirosinas quinases. Entretanto, nos hospitais públicos brasileiros nem sempre são disponíveis tais ferramentas. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o perfil dos pacientes portadores de GIST em hospital público oncológico. MÉTODOS: Análise retrospectiva de todos os casos de GIST tratados no período de 2001 a 2013. RESULTADOS: Analisaram-se 69 pacientes, com média de idade de 59 anos e com discreto predomínio no sexo feminino (51%). A principal forma de apresentação clínica foi dor abdominal associada com achado de exame de imagem. A ocorrência de outra neoplasia associada foi de 28,8%. A positividade do CD117 foi de 97,1%. A localização mais frequente foi o estômago em 55,1%. A ressecção R0 foi possível em 63,8% dos casos e a taxa de recidiva foi de 20,3%, sendo fígado e peritôneo os sítios principais acometidos. A sobrevida global na amostra toda foi de 71%. A taxa de sobrevida livre de doença foi de 64%. A utilização do imatinibe ficou restrita aos pacientes com doença residual (ressecção R2, R1 ou metastáticos), irressecáveis ou com recidiva. CONCLUSÃO: Afim de aprimorar o tratamento do GIST é necessário acrescentar a análise biomolecular à estratificação de risco. Porém, para que isto ocorra, políticas de incentivo e fomento na pesquisa biomolecular são necessárias, ampliando a possibilidade de sobrevida dos pacientes. .

The rapunzel syndrome: an unusual trichobezoar presentation.

The Rapunzel syndrome is an unusual form of trichobezoar found in patients with a history of psychiatric disorders, trichotillomania (habit of hair pulling) and trichophagia (morbid habit of chewing the hair), consequently developing gastric bezoars. The principal symptoms are vomiting and epigastric pain. In this case report, we describe this syndrome in a young girl.

Estudo retrospectivo de pacientes portadores de câncer colorretal atendidos na Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu no período de 2000-2003 / Retrospective study of carrying patients of colorectal cancer taken care of in the College of Medicine of Botucatu in the period of 2000-2003

O câncer colorretal é uma das neoplasias mais freqüentes na população adulta mundial. Dentre as neoplasias do trato gastrointestinal é a segunda em prevalência e mortalidade. Em nosso meio a grande maioria dos pacientes procura atendimento nas fases mais avançadas da doença. MÉTODO - Foram avaliados retrospectivamente 80 prontuários de pacientes com câncer colorretal atendidos no Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, no período de 2000 A 2003. RESULTADOS - Observamos que o câncer colorretal incide prevalentemente em indivíduos na 5a e 6a décadas de vida, com maior incidência em homens do que em mulheres. Quanto à distribuição, a maioria dos tumores localiza-se nos segmentos distais do colón, isto é, sigmóide e reto (71por cento). Os principais sintomas observados foram: perda de peso, sangramento, alteração do habito intestinal e anemia. A taxa de complicação observada foi de 10por cento, sendo as deiscências e a trombose venosa profunda as principais. A maioria dos pacientes apresentava estadiamento avançado pelo sistema TNM e pela classificação de Dukes. CONCLUSÃO - Em nosso meio o câncer colorretal tem uma alta prevalência, com localização preferencial pelos segmentos distais do colón, sendo a maioria diagnosticada nas fases avançadas, reforçando a necessidade do diagnostico precoce e campanhas de prevenção.