ABSTRACT
Bacteriophages represent an alternative solution to control bacterial infections. When interacting, bacteria and phage can evolve, and this relationship is described as antagonistic coevolution, a pattern that does not fit all models. In this work, the model consisted of a microcosm of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis and φSan23 phage. Samples were taken for 12 days every 48 h. Bacteria and phage samples were collected; and isolated bacteria from each time point were challenged against phages from previous, contemporary, and subsequent time points. The phage plaque tests, with the genomics analyses, showed a mutational asymmetry dynamic in favor of the bacteria instead of antagonistic coevolution. This is important for future phage-therapy applications, so we decided to explore the population dynamics of Salmonella under different conditions: pressure of one phage, a combination of phages, and phages plus an antibiotic. The data from cultures with single and multiple phages, and antibiotics, were used to create a mathematical model exploring population and resistance dynamics of Salmonella under these treatments, suggesting a nonlethal, growth-inhibiting antibiotic may decrease resistance to phage-therapy cocktails. These data provide a deep insight into bacterial dynamics under different conditions and serve as additional criteria to select phages and antibiotics for phage-therapy.
Subject(s)
Genomics , Host Microbial Interactions , Salmonella Phages/genetics , Salmonella enteritidis/virology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Models, Theoretical , Phage Therapy , Salmonella enteritidis/drug effectsABSTRACT
La capacidad de las bacterias para adquirir resistencia a agentes antimicrobianos ha reducido el número de antibióticos efectivos para combatir infecciones bacterianas. De otro lado, existen bacterias contaminantes de alimentos, que no pueden controlarse con antibióticos por tratarse de productos de consumo humano, lo que se traduce en pérdidas económicas y riesgos para la salud. Si a esto se suma la falta de desarrollo de nuevos antibióticos, es evidente que se requiere desarrollar otras estrategias para el tratamiento y control de las bacterias. Los bacteriófagos (fagos), virus que infectan bacterias, se proponen como uno de estos tratamientos alternativos en una estrategia conocida como fagoterapia. Diversos estudios han evaluado y demostrado su efectividad contra bacterias patógenas y ya existen empresas privadas que desarrollan productos basados en cocteles de fagos para controlar algunas infecciones bacterianas. En Colombia no existen antecedentes del uso de fagos pero estos representan una gran oportunidad para el aprovechamiento de la diversidad de la microbiota nativa. En este artículo presentamos las perspectivas de uso de la fagoterapia en Colombia como tratamiento de infecciones bacterianas.
Bacteria easily acquire resistance to antimicrobial agents and this reduces the number of effective antibiotics available to treat bacterial infections. Food contamination by bacteria also generates important economic losses and health risks. Products for human consumption must be free of antibiotics used in clinical treatments, and the control of bacteria with antimicrobials is strictly regulated; however, there is a lack of development of new antibiotics. As a result, the development of new antimicrobial strategies is vital. Viruses that infect bacteria called bacteriophages (phages) have been proposed as an alternative treatment in an approach known as phage-therapy. Several studies have evaluated and demonstrated their effectiveness against pathogenic bacteria; currently, there are private companies dedicated to the development of new products based on phage cocktails, to control some bacterial infections. In Colombia, there is no previous information about the use of phages, but phage-therapy represents a great opportunity to use the diversity of the native microbiota. In this review, we present the perspectives for phage-therapy in Colombia as a treatment against bacterial infections.
A capacidade das bactérias para adquirir resistencia a agentes antimicrobianos tem levado a que o número de antibióticos efetivos para combater infectes bacterianas em humanos seja cada vez menor. Nos alimentos se reportam bactérias causantes de contaminares que representam grandes perdas económicas e riscos para a saúde; estas bactérias nao podem ser tratadas com antibióticos por tratar-se de produtos para consumo humano. Tendo em conta a situado, e a falta de novos antibióticos, precisa-se do desenvolvimento de novas estratégias para o tratamento e controle das bactérias. Os bacteriófagos (fagos), vírus que infectam bactérias, propoem-se como um destes tratamentos alternativos, numa estratégia conhecida como fagoterapia. Diversos estudos tem demostrada a efetividade contra bactérias patógenas e já existem empresas privadas desenvolvendo produtos baseados em coqueteis de fagos, para controlar algumas infectes bacterianas. Na Colombia nao existe antecedente do uso de fagos, mas este apresenta uma grande oportunidade para o aproveitamento da diversidade da microbiota nativa. Nesta revisao apresentamos as perspectivas para a fagoterapia na Colombia como tratamento alternativo contra infectes bacterianas.
