Effect of High-Tunnel and Open-Field Production on the Yield, Cannabinoids, and Volatile Profiles in Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Inflorescence.

This study discovered the impact of high-tunnel (i.e., unheated greenhouse) and open-field production on two industrial hemp cultivars (SB1 and CJ2) over their yield parameters, cannabinoid development, and volatile profiles. Development of neutral cannabinoids (CBD, THC, and CBC), acidic cannabinoids (CBDA, THCA, and CBCA), and total cannabinoids during floral maturation were investigated. The volatile profiles of hemp flowers were holistically compared via HS-SPME-GC/MS. Findings indicated a high tunnel as an efficient practice for achieving greater total weight, stem number, and caliper, especially in the SB1 cultivar. Harvesting high-tunnel-grown SB1 cultivars during early flower maturation could obtain a high CBD yield while complying with THC regulations. Considering the volatile profiles, hemp flowers mainly consisted of mono- and sesquiterpenoids, as well as oxygenated mono- and sesquiterpenoids. Volatile analysis revealed the substantial impact of cultivars on the volatile profile compared to the production systems.

Progress in the Optimization of Compositional Design and Thermomechanical Processing of Metastable ß Ti Alloys for Biomedical Applications.

Over the past few years, significant research and development in the manufacturing industry related to the medical field has been done. The aim has been to improve existing biomaterials and bioimplants by exploring new methods and strategies. Beta titanium alloys, known for their exceptional strength-to-modulus ratio, corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, and ease of shaping, are expected to play a crucial role in manufacturing the next generation of biomedical equipment. To meet the specific requirements of human bone, researchers have employed key techniques like compositional design and thermomechanical processing routes to advance biomaterial development. These materials find extensive applications in orthopedic, orthodontic, and cardiovascular biomedical implants. Several studies have shown that precise material composition, with appropriate heat treatment and suitable mechanical approaches, can yield the desired mechanical properties for bone implants. In this review article, we explore the evolution of alloys at different stages, with a particular focus on their preparation for use in biomedical implants. The primary focus is on designing low-modulus ß Ti alloy compositions and employing processing techniques to achieve high strength while maintaining a low young modulus suitable for biomedical applications.

High-Performance Optoelectronic Gas Sensing Based on All-Inorganic Mixed-Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals with Halide Engineering.

Gas sensors are of great interest to portable and miniaturized sensing technologies with applications ranging from air quality monitoring to explosive detection and medical diagnostics, but the existing chemiresistive NO2 sensors still suffer from issues such as poor sensitivity, high operating temperature, and slow recovery. Herein, a high-performance NO2 sensors based on all-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) is reported, achieving room temperature operation with ultra-fast response and recovery time. After tailoring the halide composition, superior sensitivity of ≈67 at 8 ppm NO2 is obtained in CsPbI2 Br PNC sensors with a detection level down to 2 ppb, which outperforms other nanomaterial-based NO2 sensors. Furthermore, the remarkable optoelectronic properties of such PNCs enable dual-mode operation, i.e., chemiresistive and chemioptical sensing, presenting a new and versatile platform for advancing high-performance, point-of-care NO2 detection technologies.

Effect of silver diamine fluoride, potassium nitrate, and glutaraldehyde in reducing the post vital tooth preparation hypersensitivity: A randomized controlled trial.

Aim: Hypersensitivity is the most common clinical problem which is encountered by most of dental patients undergoing a vital tooth preparation for a fixed crown prosthesis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of silver diamine fluoride, potassium nitrate, and glutaraldehyde in reducing dentinal hypersensitivity following vital tooth preparation. Settings and Design: This study is a randomized control trial performed on 119 teeth of 68 patients who are in need of fixed prosthesis treatment. Materials and Methods: After a thorough clinical examination, patients were allocated into any of the randomly assigned four groups (Control, silver diamine fluoride, potassium nitrate, and glutaraldehyde) and the level of hypersensitivity was measured by blasting air on the surface of tooth at five different intervals (before preparation, after preparation, after application of desensitizers, before cementation and after a follow up period of about 30 days) and is graded using Schiff 's cumulative hypersensitivity index. Statistical Analysis Used: Kruskal wallis test is used to compare the rate of sensitivity between the 4 groups. Friedman and Wilcoxon test is used to compare the rate of sensitivity at 5 different intervals. Results: All the desensitizers used in this study reduced the level of hypersensitivity. Among which, silver diamine fluoride was found to be more effective after application, before cementation, and after a follow up period of about 30 days followed by GLUMA and potassium nitrate. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that silver diamine fluoride was found to be more effective after application, before cementation of the definitive prosthesis and after a follow up period of 30 days.

Application of yellow mustard mucilage and starch in nanoencapsulation of thymol and carvacrol by emulsion electrospray.

Starch/water soluble yellow mustard mucilage nanocapsules loaded with thymol and carvacrol (TC) were developed using electrospray atomization. Emulsions were electrosprayed, aiming to generate nanocapsules with a controlled release behavior of TC for antimicrobial packaging applications. To understand the effect of water soluble yellow mustard mucilage (WSM) on the nanocapsules, the emulsion viscosity, morphology, encapsulation efficiency, molecular interactions, and release kinetics were evaluated. Surface and internal morphological analysis revealed that nanocapsules were non-porous with minimal surface shrinkages and had inner multicore spheres within a solid wall layer. Encapsulation efficiency ranged from 61.17 to 84.10 %, increasing at higher TC contents. Fourier transform spectroscopy confirmed the molecular interaction between wall materials. The release kinetics of encapsulated TC (30 % w/w) followed a Fickian diffusion mechanism and a controlled release pattern up to 120 h. Results indicated that the addition of WSM can modulate the release kinetics of bioactives and achieve a controlled release pattern.

Electrohydrodynamic processing of natural polymers for active food packaging: A comprehensive review.

The active packaging materials fabricated using natural polymers is increasing in recent years. Electrohydrodynamic processing has drawn attention in active food packaging due to its potential in fabricating materials with advanced structural and functional properties. These materials have the significant capability in enhancing food's quality, safety, and shelf-life. Through electrospinning and electrospray, fibers and particles are encapsulated with bioactive compounds for active packaging applications. Understanding the principle behind electrohydrodynamics provides fundamentals in modulating the material's physicochemical properties based on the operating parameters. This review provides a deep understanding of electrospray and electrospinning, along with their advantages and recent innovations, from food packaging perspectives. The natural polymers suitable for developing active packaging films and coatings through electrohydrodynamics are intensely focused. The critical properties of the packaging system are discussed with characterization techniques. Furthermore, the limitations and prospects for natural polymers and electrohydrodynamic processing in active packaging are summarized.

Analysis of Malignant Thyroid Neoplasms with a Striking Rise of Papillary Microcarcinoma in an Endemic Goiter Region.

According to National Cancer Registry Program, Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala, has the highest relative frequency of thyroid carcinomas; nevertheless, limited data exist regarding its socio-demographic and clinico-pathological characteristics. The aims of the study were to assess the: (1) demographic characteristics, (2) histopathological features and the relative frequency of various thyroid carcinoma cases and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) subtypes, (3) rising trend of papillary microcarcinomas, and (4) associated lesions. A retrospective study wherein 170 cases of thyroid malignancies reported in our single institution over a period of 8 years period was reviewed. PTC accounted for 97% cases, followed by medullary (n = 4; 2.4%) and follicular carcinoma (n = 1; 0.6%). There was female preponderance (p = 0.0379) with a lower median age in females (p = 0.0275). Among the PTCs, conventional type constituted 53.4% cases (n = 87), followed by microcarcinomas (n = 34; 20.9%), follicular variant (n = 28; 17.2%), and others 14 cases (8.5%). Thirty-three cases (19.4%) showed multifocality, 5 cases (2.9%) extra-thyroid extension, and 19 cases (11.2%) lymph node metastasis. Two cases developed recurrences and three cases, metastasis. The associated lesions were significantly higher in females (p = 0.0059); most common being multinodular goiter (MNG; n = 67; 41.1%), followed by Hashimoto thyroiditis (n = 44; 27%) and lymphocytic thyroiditis (n = 28; 17.2%); MNG being associated with follicular (p = 0.0129), and Hashimoto thyroiditis with conventional variant (p = 0.0475). The frequency of microcarcinomas significantly increased in the past 4 years (p = 0.0291) and was associated with MNG (p = 0.0055), Hurthle cell nodule (p = 0.0315) and absent lymph node metastasis (p = 0.0147). The primary treatment modality was total thyroidectomy. Papillary microcarcinoma cases increased significantly in the past 4 years and were significantly associated with MNG and Hurthle cell nodule. It is challenging to distinguish the various PTC subtypes as recognition of these histological variants warrants better patient management.