ABSTRACT
Among the pests of cassava, the shoot fly, Neosilba perezi (Romero & Ruppell), is one of the most prevalent. It attacks mainly the terminal shoots and causes infested plants to produce lateral shoots. Reports on this species are rare or inexistent; thus, the purpose of this study was to assess three different areas for N. perezi infestation. The survey began in March 2008 and finished in February 2009. Fortnightly analyses were performed starting 45 days after planting, calculating the rate of infestation by N. perezi larvae in each study area. The areas were correlated separately for each parameter: fortnightly mean temperature, fortnightly mean rainfall, and plant age. The N. perezi larvae occurrence rate was higher in area 1 - which presented the highest population peaks in autumn and winter. There was only a single population peak in area 2, in winter; and area 3 presented the weakest population peak among the three, in November. The shoot fly population dynamics in the studied region is separately correlated to temperature, rainfall and plant age: temperatures above 23ºC, relatively high rainfall and older plants seem to have a negative effect on populations of this insect.
Subject(s)
Animals , Diptera/physiology , Manihot/parasitology , Brazil , LarvaABSTRACT
ABSTRACT The family Trogidae (Coleoptera) is cosmopolitan and its species are mainly necrophagous. Studies on Omorgus (Omorgus) suberosus (Fabricius, 1775) on excrements in poultry houses are needed due to the scarcity of published information on the species in this kind of environment. A survey for this trogid was carried out in a poultry house in São João da Boa Vista, SP, Brazil, from January 2001 to December 2002 using soil and water flotation traps and Berlese-Tullgren funnel. A total of 2,322 specimens of O. suberosus were collected, being 99.17% by soil trap, 0.51% by Berlese-Tullgren funnel and only 0.30% (7 specimens) by water flotation trap. A significant increase in the capture (P 0.05) of O. suberosus was registered in the summer of 2001/2002, and the soil trap proved to be the most appropriate method (P 0.05) for capture of this species.
RESUMO A família Trogidae (Coleoptera) é cosmopolita e suas espécies têm hábitos principalmente necrófagos. Estudos com Omorgus (Omorgus) suberosus (Fabricius, 1775), em fezes de granja aviária devem ser realizados, uma vez que poucas informações sobre esta espécie, neste tipo de ambiente, estão disponíveis na literatura. Foi realizado um levantamento deste trogídeo em granja de aves poedeiras situada em São João da Boa Vista, SP, Brasil, entre janeiro de 2001 a dezembro de 2002, utilizando-se, para captura, armadilhas de solo, funil de BerleseTullgren e flutuação em água. Dos 2.322 espécimes de O. suberosus coletados, armadilhas de solo somaram 99,17% do total, 0,51% pelo funil de BerleseTullgren e apenas 0,30% (sete espécimes) foram capturados pela flutuação em água. Aumento significativo (P 0,05) na captura de O. suberosus foi registrado no verão de 2001 / 2002, além do que a armadilha de solo mostrou ser o método mais apropriado (P 0,05) para capturar esta espécie.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Alphitobius diaperinus, considered a secondary plague of stored grains, is commonly found in industrial aviaries excrements in some parts of the world. It causes economic damages in poultry houses in such a waydirectly, as well as indirectly. A survey of this tenebrionidae in a commercial grange situated in São João da Boa Vista city was carried out from January 2001 to December 2002, by using three distinct collect methods: soil trap, funnel of Berlese-Tullgren and fluctuation in water. Of the total of insects, 94.19% were collected by soil trap, 1.78% by funnel of Berlese-Tullgren and 4.01% by fluctuation in water. This coleopteran was found in all the 75 collectscarried out during the 24 months of experiment, and the soil trap the most sensible method (P 0.05) for the capture of A. diaperinus.
RESUMO Alphitobius diaperinus(Panzer, 1979), considerado uma praga secundária de grãos armazenados, é comumente encontrado com abundância nos substratos de aviários industriais em várias partes do mundo, causando prejuízos econômicos tanto direta quanto indiretamente. Foi realizado um levantamento deste tenebrionídeo em uma granja comercial de galinhas poedeiras situada no Município de São João da Boa Vista, SP, entre janeiro de 2001 a dezembro de 2002, utilizando-se três métodos distintos de coleta: armadilhas de solo, funil de Berlese-Tullgren e flutuação em água. Do total de insetos coletados, armadilhas de solo somaram 94,19% de toda população, 1,78% pelo funil de Berlese-Tullgren e 4,01% de cascudinhos capturados pela flutuação em água. Esta espécie de coleóptero ocorreu nas 75 coletas realizadas nos 24 meses de experimento, sendo as armadilhas de solo o método mais sensível (P 0,05) para captura de A. diaperinus.
ABSTRACT
The mean width (n = 5) of the cephalic capsule instar of Alphitobius diaperinus was determined. The larvae were reared at 27ºC (+ or - 0.1ºC). The result showed that A. diaperinus has eight larval instars. The head capsule of the 1st instar larvae measured x = 0.228 (SD = 0.0192) and the last instar larval measured x = 1.339 (SD = 0.0436). The developmental rate, determined by Dyar-Hutchinson's rule, was 1.29. These data may be useful for studies on phenology and age structure of A. diaperinus in the field