ABSTRACT
AIM AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to reinstate the fact that antibiotics are not required as prophylaxis for third molar surgery. So the standard of care after extraction of mandibular third molar surgery for all healthy patients should be a good anti-inflammatory regimen rather than a antibiotic prophylaxis. CONTEXT: Surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molar is the most common procedure and many complications are usually encountered in this procedure like-pain, trismus, infection, swelling, inflammation and nerve damage. Now, the question that arises is does the age old practice of prescribing postoperative antibiotics solve these problems or adds on some new. The data collected and analysed in our observational study, however, reinstates that instead, it is the proper aseptic precautions and good anti-inflammatory regimen that are more important than the prophylactic antibiotics (Pasupathy and Alexander in J Craniofac Surg, 2011). Moreover, giving antibiotics means opening up the loopholes to bacterial resistance. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of the data collected from 40 patients coming to the department of Dental and Implant Surgery, Karamsad, Anand between October 2014 and December 2014, operated for third molar surgery was carried out. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from 40 patients requiring disimpaction of mandibular third molar was analysed. Postoperatively, only anti-inflammatory medication was prescribed to all the patients. RESULTS: None of the patients showed any of the signs or symptoms of infection.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Currently, the etiology of drug-induced gingival overgrowth is not entirely understood but is clearly multifactorial. Phenytoin, one of the common drugs implicated in gingival enlargement, is metabolized mainly by cytochrome P450 (CYP)2C9 and partly by CYP2C19. The CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 genes are polymorphically expressed and most of the variants result in decreased metabolism of the respective substrates. AIMS: The present study was undertaken to investigate the influence of the CYP2C9*2 and *3 variant genotypes on phenytoin hydroxylation in subjects diagnosed with epilepsy from South India, thus establishing the genetic polymorphisms leading to its defective hydroxylation process. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen epileptic subjects, age 9 to 60 years were included in the study. Among the study subjects, 8 were males and 7 were females. Genomic DNA was extracted from patients' blood using Phenol-chloroform method and genotyping was done for CYP2C9 using customized TaqMan genotyping assays on a real time thermocycler, by allelic discrimination method. The genetic polymorphisms *1, *2 and *3 on CYP2C9 were selected based on their function and respective allele frequencies in Asian subcontinent among the Asian populations. RESULTS: CYP2C9*1*2 and CYP2C9*3/*3 were identified with equal frequency in the study population. There were seven subjects with CYP2C9*1/*2 genotype (heterozygous mutant), one subject with CYP2C9*1/*1 (wild type) and seven study subjects with CYP2C9*3/*3 (homozygous mutant). CONCLUSION: The results obtained in the present study will be helpful in the medical prescription purposes of phenytoin, and a more personalized patient approach with its administration can be advocated.
