Etiology, Modalities of Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fracture, open reduction and fixation.

BACKGROUND: Zygomatic complex fracture is second most common mid face fracture and frequent amongst the maxillofacial trauma. Fracture pattern ranges from simple to comminuted and from minimally displaced to severely displaced depending on various factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 98 patients with zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture reporting during December 2017 to January 2020 were included in the study. On the basis of radiographic evaluation and computerized tomography scan (CT scan) with 3D reconstruction severity of fracture was assessed and different treatment options were selected. RESULTS: Road traffic accident accounted as the leading cause of fracture (57.1%) followed by self-fall (16.3%), interpersonal violence (12.3%). Reduction and semi rigid fixation was done in (83.7%), in which 1-point fixation in (22.9%), 2-point fixation in (42.4%) and 3-point fixation in (18.4%). Rest 16.3 % of the cases were managed conservatively since they had minimal displacement. CONCLUSIONS: Road traffic incident was the main etiology in our study and younger age group patients were more involved. Occipitomental radiograph and computerized tomography scan (CT scan) were used to confirm the diagnosis and to determine the severity of displacement of zygomatic fracture on the basis of which treatment options were decided. Key words:Incidence, etiology and management zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture.

Effect of bidi cigarette smoking on interleukin-1ß and 8 levels in chronic periodontitis patient.

INTRODUCTION: Bidi, a leaf rolled cigarette, is the most popular form of smoking in India. Bidi cigarette contains higher tar, ammonia, and nicotine content than a conventional cigarette and is more hazardous. AIM OF STUDY: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of bidi smoking on periodontitis by assessing the interleukin (IL)-1ß and IL-8 from a gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 60 patients were selected, which included 40 patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis (20 bidi smokers and 20 non-bidi smokers) and 20 periodontal healthy controls. Diseased and healthy sites were selected from each of the chronic periodontitis subjects. Clinical parameters assessed were plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), periodontal probing depth (PPD), recession (RC), and clinical attachment level (CAL). Pooled GCF samples were taken from the same site and analyzed for IL-1ß and IL-8 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Bidi smokers displayed decreased levels of IL-1ß and IL-8 than non-bidi smokers for both healthy and diseased sites and significantly reduced IL-8 levels among bidi smokers when compared to controls. Among bidi smokers, the diseased site had significantly higher levels of IL-8 than the healthy site. Non-smoker subjects with chronic periodontitis especially diseased sites contained significantly higher amounts of IL-1ß and IL-8 than smokers and controls. The PI scores were highest among bidi smokers with reduced BOP and GI scores. CONCLUSIONS: Bidi smoking influenced the cytokine profile among periodontitis patients exhibiting decreased levels of IL-1ß and IL-8.

Idiopathic gingival fibromatosis with massive gingival overgrowth: A rare case report.

Idiopathic gingival overgrowth can present itself as a part of syndrome or as an isolated entity. This is a case report of a massive gingival enlargement in a 12-year-old female child with nonsyndromic gingival fibromatosis, which was treated by multidisciplinary approach involving surgical and prosthetic rehabilitation and at the same time instilling psychological benefit.

Tuberous Sclerosis Complex with Gingival Enlargement in an Adolescent.

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant, multisystem genetic disorder. It is characterised by formation of benign hamartomas, neurofibromas, and angiofibromas located in different organs. We describe a case of a 13-year boy who complained of gingival enlargement. Clinical examination showed distinctive dermatological signs like hypopigmented macules, shagreen plaques, miliary fibromas, fibrous plaques and multiple angiofibromas. Oral manifestation included localised gingival enlargement. Gingivectomy was performed and the excised tissue was submitted for histopathological examination. The microscopic examination of gingival tissue revealed multiple bundles of collagen fibres with proliferating fibroblast and multiple proliferating blood vessels in the connective tissue. The clinical and histopathological findings were consistent with gingival angiofibromas of TSC. Gingivectomy allowed the patient to have better function and aesthetics. Periodontal examination in conjunction with dermatological examination is important for early diagnosis of TSC.

Non-familial Cherubism.

Cherubism is a rare, self-limiting disease that usually affects jaws of pediatric population and is characterized by diffuse, bilateral and multilocular bony enlargement of jaws with a typical radiographic and histopathological appearance. Here, we describe a case of an 8-year-old child without any family history of this genetic disorder.