ABSTRACT
AIM AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review analysis to identify and evaluate the available literature on implementation science outcomes research in relation to End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) in Pakistan. METHODS: A systematic database search of PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Ovid was conducted through October 22nd, 2022, without any restrictions on publication dates. A screening and data extraction tool, Covidence, was used to evaluate the literature against our inclusion and exclusion criteria. Furthermore, a Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to evaluate the selected studies. RESULTS: We identified four studies that presented findings of implementation outcomes research which were related to appropriateness, feasibility, and acceptability. Appropriateness was examined using knowledge scores (p = 0.022) and medication adherence scores (p < 0.05) that showed statistical significance between the control and intervention groups. Acceptability was assessed through a cross sectional quantitative descriptive study that evaluated the reasons for refusal and acceptance of treatment in a cohort of patients suffering from ESRD. Feasibility was examined in one cross sectional, and one mixed methods study that aimed to evaluate and understand the impact of initiating dialysis treatment and the feasibility of maintaining it in low-income families that care for children or adults with ESRD. CONCLUSION: The preliminary results of this review indicate a gap in the availability of implementation research studies about ESRD in Pakistan. The burden of ESRD, and the implementation methods by which it is treated is notable in Pakistan and requires evidence-based measures to be implemented to support the critical healthcare delivery platforms that provide treatment.
Subject(s)
Kidney Failure, Chronic , Renal Dialysis , Child , Adult , Humans , Pakistan/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Kidney Failure, Chronic/epidemiology , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Delivery of Health CareABSTRACT
Although people with autism are protected under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, there is little theoretical or practical effort to determine whether traditional pre-employment assessments unfairly impact autistic job seekers. Due to the lack of emphasis on social communication, game-based assessments (GBAs) may offer a way of assessing candidate ability without disadvantaging autistic candidates. A total of 263 autistic job seekers took one of two game-based assessment packages designed to measure cognitive ability. After comparing their results to 323 college-graduate job seekers in the general population, we found that performance on the GBAs was generally similar in both populations, although some small differences were detected. Implications for hiring decisions are discussed.
ABSTRACT
A number of past studies have demonstrated that personality traits are modest predictors of workplace attitudes and behaviors and can provide incremental validity over cognitive ability. However, less is known about the utility of personality for job classification. In addition, concerns about the effects of faking on personality measures still remain. In this study, we examined the validity of a forced choice personality measure administered under operational conditions to explore the use of personality traits in high-stakes settings. In addition, we also examined the potential use of personality for classification into military occupational specialties (MOS). We explored these issues in a large sample of Soldiers from five different MOS to examine the prediction of performance during initial military training (IMT). Results indicated that composites of personality traits were valid predictors of performance and attrition and that these composites may be useful for classifying individuals into different military occupations. The implications of these results for Soldier selection and classification are discussed.
