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1.
J Phys Chem A ; 2024 Jul 16.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39012785

ABSTRACT

The time-dependent multireference coupled-cluster method (TDMRCCM) fits well in the scheme of the system-bath separation used to study the nonadiabatic dynamics. In TDMRCCM, a projection operator is defined as one that projects the full Hilbert space onto the space spanned by the collection of system degrees of freedom, called the model space. The inverse of this projection operator is a wave operator that acts on the model space and takes its projection back to the full wave function. This wave operator is defined as an exponential of the excitation terms and, hence, can be expanded into a Taylor series, which we have truncated in this work at the second-order of excitations. The attraction of using TDMRCCM for describing the bath dynamics is due to the exponential nature of the ansatz used in the method, which makes it possible for the higher-order excitations to be absorbed by the lower-order terms, even upon truncating the series. This improves the accuracy of the numerical calculations using TDMRCCM as an approximation for the bath-mode dynamics in the system-bath framework for nonadiabatic dynamics. We present the theoretical details of TDMRCCM and the numerical results for implementing this method to study the dynamics in the butatriene cation.

2.
J Sci Food Agric ; 2024 Jul 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38988214

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The first evidence of blood biochemical and proteomic changes in slow-growing broiler chicken subjected to ritual slaughter like halal (HS) and jhatka (JS) without stunning and commercial slaughter with electrical stunning (ES) was decoded. RESULTS: Significant stress indicators like cortisol and triiodothyronine were markedly elevated in JS birds, whereas increased (P < 0.05) levels of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase were observed in JS and ES birds. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled to MALDI-TOF MS elucidated the overabundance of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and l-lactate dehydrogenase that are positively correlated with stress in JS broilers. Bioinformatic analysis explored the multifaceted landscape of molecular functions. CONCLUSION: The study has uncovered that ritual slaughter performed without stunning against commercial slaughter with ES practices elicit varying levels of stress as evident from blood biochemistry and novel protein markers. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

3.
Chemistry ; : e202401733, 2024 Jun 27.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38934891

ABSTRACT

In several biological processes, H2S is known to function as an endogenous gaseous agent. It is very necessary to monitor H2S and relevant physiological processes in vivo. Herein, a new type of fluorophore with a reliable leaving group allows for excited-state intramolecular transfer characteristics (ESIPT), inspired by mycophenolic acid. A morpholine ring was connected at the maleimide position to target the lysosome. Subsequently, the dinitrophenyl group known for a photoinduced electron transfer (PET) effect, was connected to allow for an effective "turn-on" probe Lyso-H2S. Lyso-H2S demonstrated strong selectivity towards H2S, large Stokes shift (111 nm), and an incredibly low detection limit (41.8 nM). The imaging of endogenous and exogenous H2S in living cells (A549 cell line) was successfully achieved because of the specificity and ultra-low toxicity (100 % cell viability at 50 µM concentration of Lyso-H2S.) Additionally, Lyso-H2S was also employed to visualize the activity of H2S in the gallbladder and intestine in a living zebrafish model. This is the first report of a fluorescent probe to track H2S sensing in specific organ systems to our knowledge.

4.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38904714

ABSTRACT

Hydrogel nanocatalyst composed of nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles embedded in PVA-alginate hydrogels were potentially explored toward the reduction of anthropogenic water pollutants. The NiO nanoparticles was accomplished via green method using waste pineapple peel extract. The formation of the nanoparticles was affirmed from different analytical techniques such as UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD, TGA, FESEM, and EDS. Spherical NiO nanoparticles were obtained having an average size of 11.5 nm. The nano NiO were then integrated into PVA-alginate hydrogel matrix forming a nanocomposite hydrogel (PVALg@ NiO). The integration of nano NiO rendered an improved thermal stability to the parent hydrogel. The PVALg@ NiO hydrogel was utilized as a catalyst in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), potassium hexacyanoferrate (III), rhodamine B (RhB), methyl orange (MO), and malachite green (MG) in the presence of a reducing agent, i.e., NaBH4. Under optimized conditions, the reduction reactions were completed by 4.0 min and 3.0 min for 4-NP and potassium hexacyanoferrate (III), respectively, and the rate constant was estimated to be 1.14 min-1 and 2.15 min-1. The rate of reduction was found to be faster for the dyes and the respective rate constants were be 0.17 s-1 for RhB, MG and 0.05 s-1 for MO. The PVALg@ NiO hydrogel nanocatalyst demonstrated a recyclability of four runs without any perceptible diminution in its catalytic mettle. The efficacy of the PVALg@ NiO hydrogel nanocatalyst was further examined for the reduction of dyes in real water samples collected from different sources and the results affirm its high catalytic potential. Thus, this study paves the path for the development of a sustainable hydrogel nanocatalyst for reduction of hazardous pollutants in wastewater treatment.

5.
Mol Biol Rep ; 51(1): 619, 2024 May 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38709339

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Rice blast and bacterial leaf blight (BLB) are the most limiting factors for rice production in the world which cause yield losses typically ranging from 20 to 30% and can be as high as 50% in some areas of Asia especially India under severe infection conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS: An improved line of Tellahamsa, TH-625-491 having two BLB resistance genes (xa13 and Xa21) and two blast resistance genes (Pi54 and Pi1) with 95% Tellahamsa genome was used in the present study. TH-625-491 was validated for all four target genes and was used for backcrossing with Tellahamsa. Seventeen IBC1F1 plants heterozygous for all four target genes, 19 IBC1F2 plants homozygous for four, three and two gene combinations and 19 IBC1F2:3 plants also homozygous for four, three and two gene combinations were observed. Among seventeen IBC1F1 plants, IBC1F1-62 plant recorded highest recurrent parent genome (97.5%) covering 75 polymorphic markers. Out of the total of 920 IBC1F2 plants screened, 19 homozygous plants were homozygous for four, three and two target genes along with bacterial blight resistance. Background analysis was done in all 19 homozygous IBC1F2 plants possessing BLB resistance (possessing xa13, Xa21, Pi54 and Pi1 in different combinations) with five parental polymorphic SSR markers. IBC1F2-62-515 recovered 98.5% recurrent parent genome. The four, three and two gene pyramided lines of Tellahamsa exhibited varying resistance to blast. CONCLUSIONS: Results show that there might be presence of antagonistic effect between bacterial blight and blast resistance genes since the lines with Pi54 and Pi1 combination are showing better resistance than the combinations with both bacterial blight and blast resistance genes.


Subject(s)
Disease Resistance , Oryza , Plant Diseases , Disease Resistance/genetics , Plant Diseases/genetics , Plant Diseases/microbiology , Plant Diseases/immunology , Oryza/genetics , Oryza/microbiology , Genes, Plant/genetics , Xanthomonas/pathogenicity , Xanthomonas/physiology , Plant Leaves/genetics , Plant Leaves/microbiology , Plant Breeding/methods
6.
Radiol Case Rep ; 19(8): 3080-3083, 2024 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38770385

ABSTRACT

Anomalous origin of the circumflex artery from the pulmonary artery (ACxAPA) is a rare but clinically significant condition in which the circumflex artery arises from either the main pulmonary artery or one of its main branches. Untreated patients with ACxAPA may develop severe heart failure or sudden cardiac death. Diagnosis is established with either catheter or CT angiography. We present a case of an adult male with no prior known cardiac history who was found to have ACxAPA after presenting to our institution in acute decompensated heart failure.

7.
Arch Virol ; 169(5): 107, 2024 Apr 22.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38647708

ABSTRACT

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly fatal and contagious viral disease caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). It has caused significant economic losses to the swine industry and poses a serious threat to food security worldwide. Diagnostic tests with high sensitivity are essential for the effective management of ASF. Here, we describe a single-tube nested PCR (STN-PCR) assay for the detection of ASFV in which two consecutive amplification steps are carried out within a single tube. Two pairs of primers (outer and inner) were designed to target the p72 gene of ASFV. The primer concentrations, annealing temperatures, and number of amplification cycles were optimized to ensure the consecutive utilization of outer and inner primer pairs during amplification while minimizing the likelihood of amplicon contamination. In comparison with two conventional endpoint PCR assays (one of which is recommended by the World Organization for Animal Health), the newly developed STN-PCR assay demonstrated a 100-fold improvement in the limit of detection (LOD), detecting 100 copies of ASFV genomic DNA, whereas the endpoint PCR assays could detect no fewer than 10,000 copies. The clinical performance of the STN-PCR assay was validated using 95 tissue samples suspected of being positive for ASFV, and the assay showed 100% specificity. A Cohen's kappa value of 0.91 indicated perfect agreement between the assays. This new STN-PCR assay is a potentially valuable tool that will facilitate the control of ASF.


Subject(s)
African Swine Fever Virus , African Swine Fever , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sensitivity and Specificity , African Swine Fever Virus/genetics , African Swine Fever Virus/isolation & purification , Animals , African Swine Fever/diagnosis , African Swine Fever/virology , Swine , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , DNA Primers/genetics , DNA, Viral/genetics , Limit of Detection
8.
PLoS One ; 19(2): e0298357, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38377066

ABSTRACT

Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella spp. are critical tissue-dwelling foodborne zoonotic parasites associated with pork consumption and pig rearing. Despite being a major pig-rearing region in the country, Northeastern India has not undergone any investigation regarding the presence of T. gondii and Trichinella spp. in pigs. Therefore, this study aims to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii and Trichinella spp. and identify associated risk factors in pigs reared by tribal communities and small-holder livestock farmers in the northeastern region of India. In a cross-sectional serological survey, 400 pigs from 400 households across five northeastern states of India underwent testing for the seroprevalence of porcine toxoplasmosis and trichinellosis. Serum samples (80 from each state) were analyzed using commercially available ELISA assays. Data on backyard farm characteristics and various management aspects were collected, and risk factors linked with prevalence were analyzed through univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. The findings revealed that the apparent and true prevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies were 45% (40.12-49.88, 95% CI) and 45.7% (40.7-50.69, 95% CI), respectively. As for anti- Trichinella antibodies, both the apparent and true prevalence were 0.75% (-0.1-1.6, 95% CI). The univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that age above 24 months (OR 7.20, 95% CI 2.45-23.71), exposure to cats (OR = 5.87, 95% CI 2.55-14.05), and farms operating for breeding purposes (OR = 5.60, 95% CI 3.01-11.04) were significant risk factors associated with the seroprevalence of T. gondii. This study marks the initial documentation of the seroprevalence of T. gondii and Trichinella spp. in pigs reared by tribal communities in Northeastern India. The results emphasize the significance of these parasites as foodborne zoonotic threats in the region, potentially posing substantial public health risks, especially within tribal and rural communities. The insights derived from this research could be valuable in formulating targeted preventive and control strategies against T. gondii and Trichinella spp. in pigs, not only in this region but also in areas with similar rearing practices.


Subject(s)
Swine Diseases , Toxoplasma , Toxoplasmosis, Animal , Trichinella , Swine , Animals , Humans , Livestock , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Farmers , Cross-Sectional Studies , Toxoplasmosis, Animal/epidemiology , Toxoplasmosis, Animal/parasitology , Swine Diseases/epidemiology , Swine Diseases/parasitology , Antibodies, Protozoan
9.
Ann Afr Med ; 23(1): 104-106, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38358180

ABSTRACT

Ischemic stroke following snake bite is rare. We report a posterior circulation infarct involving bilateral cerebellum and occipital lobe following Russell's viper bite in a previously healthy individual. A 50 years old healthy individual, soon after being bitten by the Russel viper on the left foot he developed pain and swelling followed by drooping of eyelids, slurring of speech and giddiness with multiple episodes of vomiting. The patient was administered ASV as well as neostigmine and atropine injections. Following this, the neurological manifestations resolved except dysarthria. CT brain study done was normal. On day 2 of hospitalization, he developed left cerebellar signs (positive finger nose finger test, rebound phenomenon, dysdiadochokinesia, a positive heel shin test). Subsequently, an MRI with MR angiogram was done which showed acute infarcts in bilateral cerebellar hemispheres, with the left superior cerebellar peduncle showing restricted diffusion and low ADC values. Ischemic infarction following viper envenomation has been described by only few authors. In majority of the cases reported, ischemic infarction involved the anterior circulation. The possible mechanisms of infarction in this scenario are discussed. Patient was treated with anti-snake venom and showed a good recovery. Early imaging and early treatment with anti-snake venom is important for a favourable outcome.


Résumé L'AVC ischémique consécutif à une morsure de serpent est rare. Nous rapportons un infarctus de la circulation postérieure impliquant le cervelet et le lobe occipital bilatéraux suite à une morsure de vipère de Russell chez un individu auparavant en bonne santé. Un individu en bonne santé de 50 ans, peu de temps après avoir été mordu par la vipère Russel au pied gauche, il a développé une douleur et un gonflement suivis d'un affaissement des paupières, d'un trouble de l'élocution et de vertiges avec de multiples épisodes de vomissements. Le patient a reçu de l'ASV ainsi que des injections de néostigmine et d'atropine. Suite à cela, les manifestations neurologiques ont disparu sauf la dysarthrie. L'étude cérébrale réalisée par TDM était normale. Au 2ème jour d'hospitalisation, il a développé des signes cérébelleux gauches (test doigt nez doigt positif, phénomène de rebond, dysdiadochokinésie, test talon tibia positif). Par la suite, une IRM avec angiographie IRM a été réalisée qui a montré des infarctus aigus dans les hémisphères cérébelleux bilatéraux, le pédoncule cérébelleux supérieur gauche montrant une diffusion restreinte et de faibles valeurs d'ADC. L'infarctus ischémique consécutif à une envenimation par vipère n'a été décrit que par quelques auteurs. Dans la majorité des cas rapportés, l'infarctus ischémique impliquait la circulation antérieure. Les mécanismes possibles de l'infarctus dans ce scénario sont discutés. Le patient a été traité avec du venin anti-serpent et a montré une bonne récupération. Une imagerie précoce et un traitement précoce avec du venin anti-serpent sont importants pour un résultat favorable. Mots-clés: Infarctus cérébelleux, étude cérébrale par imagerie par résonance magnétique, morsure de vipère.


Subject(s)
Brain Ischemia , Daboia , Snake Bites , Male , Animals , Humans , Middle Aged , Snake Bites/complications , Snake Bites/therapy , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Infarction , Antivenins
10.
Talanta ; 269: 125459, 2024 Mar 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38011812

ABSTRACT

Fluorescent probes play essential roles in medical imaging, where the researchers can select one of many molecules to use to help monitor the status of living systems under investigation. To date, a few scaffolds that allow the in vivo detection of H2O2 are available only. Herein, we provide a highly sensitive and selective near-infrared fluorescent probe that detects H2O2 based on the ICT sensing mechanism. We report the first indole-incorporated fluorescent probe Indo-H2O2 that allows H2O2 detection with a LOD of 25.2 nM featuring a boronate group conjugated to an indole scaffold; the boronate cleaves upon reaction with H2O2. A 5-membered malononitrile derivative was incorporated; Indo-H2O2 has near-infrared (NIR) properties and the reaction time is low (∼25 min) compared to other related probes. Indo-H2O2 was successfully employed in both endogenous and exogenous imaging trials of H2O2 in living cells. Indo-H2O2 also allows the real-time monitoring of H2O2in vivo. It preferentially accesses the gallbladder of zebrafish. Our findings support Indo-H2O2 as a highly sensitive fluorescent NIR probe for detecting H2O2, and an idea to incorporate a central indole unit in future fluorescent probe designs.


Subject(s)
Fluorescent Dyes , Zebrafish , Humans , Animals , HeLa Cells , Hydrogen Peroxide , Gallbladder/diagnostic imaging , Optical Imaging/methods , Indoles
11.
J Neurol ; 271(2): 887-898, 2024 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37847290

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Nystagmus generated during bithermal caloric test assesses the horizontal vestibulo-ocular-reflex. Any induced symptoms are considered unwanted side effects rather than diagnostic information. AIM: We hypothesized that nystagmus slow-phase-velocity (SPV) and subjective symptoms during caloric testing would be higher in vestibular migraine (VM) patients compared with peripheral disorders such as Meniere's disease (MD) and non-vestibular dizziness (NVD). METHODS: Consecutive patients (n = 1373, 60% female) referred for caloric testing were recruited. During caloric irrigations, patients scored their subjective sensations. We assessed objective-measures, subjective vertigo (SVS), subjective nausea (SNS), and test completion status. RESULTS: Nystagmus SPV for VM, MD (unaffected side), and NVD were 29 ± 12.8, 30 ± 15.4, and 28 ± 14.2 for warm irrigation and 24 ± 8.9, 22 ± 10.0, and 25 ± 12.8 for cold-irrigation. The mean SVS were 2.5 ± 1.1, 1.5 ± 1.33, and 1.5 ± 1.42 for warm irrigation and 2.2 ± 1.1, 1.1 ± 1.19, and 1.1 ± 1.16 for cold-irrigation. Age was significantly correlated with SVS and SNS, (p < 0.001) for both. The SVS and SNS were significantly higher in VM compared with non-VM groups (p < 0.001), and there was no difference in nystagmus SPV. VM patients SVS was significantly different to the SVS of migraineurs in the other diagnostic groups (p < 0.001). Testing was incomplete for 34.4% of VM and 3.2% of MD patients. To separate VM from MD, we computed a composite value representing the caloric data, with 83% sensitivity and 71% specificity. Application of machine learning to these metrics plus patient demographics yielded better separation (96% sensitivity and 85% specificity). CONCLUSION: Perceptual differences between VM and non-VM patients during caloric stimulation indicate that subjective ratings during caloric testing are meaningful measures. Combining objective and subjective measures could provide optimal separation of VM from MD.


Subject(s)
Meniere Disease , Migraine Disorders , Nystagmus, Pathologic , Vestibular Diseases , Humans , Female , Male , Vertigo/diagnosis , Vestibular Diseases/diagnosis , Meniere Disease/diagnosis , Migraine Disorders/diagnosis , Nausea , Caloric Tests
12.
World J Microbiol Biotechnol ; 40(1): 14, 2023 Nov 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37966568

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcus aureus is an important and leading cause of foodborne diseases worldwide. Prompt detection and recall of contaminated foods are crucial to prevent untoward health consequences caused by S. aureus. Helix loop-mediated isothermal amplification (HAMP) is an exciting recent addition to the array of available isothermal-based nucleic acid amplification techniques. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a HAMP assay for detecting S. aureus in milk and milk products. The assay is completed in 75 minutes of isothermal temperature incubation (64 ˚C) and dye-based visual interpretation of results based on colour change. The specificity of the developed assay was ascertained using 27 S. aureus and 17 non S. aureus bacterial strains. The analytical sensitivity of the developed HAMP assay was 9.7 fg/µL of pure S. aureus DNA. The detection limit of the HAMP assay in milk (86 CFU/mL) was 1000x greater than the routinely used endpoint PCR (86 × 103 CFU/mL). The practicality of applying the HAMP assay was also assessed by analysing milk and milk product samples (n = 95) obtained from different dairy farms and retail outlets. The developed test is a more rapid, sensitive, and user-friendly method for the high-throughput screening of S. aureus in food samples and may therefore be suitable for field laboratories. To our knowledge, this is the first study to develop and evaluate the HAMP platform for detecting S. aureus.


Subject(s)
Milk , Staphylococcal Infections , Humans , Animals , Staphylococcus aureus/genetics , Colorimetry , Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques , Hepcidins
13.
World J Microbiol Biotechnol ; 40(1): 2, 2023 Nov 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37923802

ABSTRACT

The stem rot caused by Sclerotium hydrophilum and false smut caused by Ustilaginoidea virens are two of the major production constraints in rice cultivation in India and other countries. Stem rot and false smut can be effectively controlled with synthetic fungicides. However, the indiscriminate use of chemical fungicides may cause development of resistance among the pathogens. In addition to this, synthetic fungicides also exhibit harmful impacts on the environment. Exploiting microbe-based alternatives for managing plant diseases diminishes public concerns about the ill effects of pesticide usage in crops. In this regard, the present study was designed to investigate the potential of native microbial biocontrol agents (BCAs) from rice rhizosphere for the sustainable management of stem rot and false smut diseases in rice. Potential BCAs and pathogens were identified and characterized through morphological, biochemical, and sanger sequencing techniques. Bio-efficacy tests of potential BCAs against stem rot and false smut diseases on rice under glasshouse conditions indicated higher seed vigour index of the treated seeds, significant improvement in the growth of the seedling, increased dry weight, reduction in percentage disease index viz., 70.03% (stem rot) and 69.24% (false smut) over the control plants. Phytohormones indole acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA), salicylic acid (SA), and zeatin (tZ) were detected and quantified in the four potential BCAs using liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies revealed the endophytic nature of the strains in rice. The study indicated a positive correlation between the diversity and concentration of phytohormones released by the bioagents and enhanced plant growth promotion and disease suppression in rice.


Subject(s)
Fungicides, Industrial , Oryza , Plant Growth Regulators , Chromatography, Liquid , Fungicides, Industrial/pharmacology , Tandem Mass Spectrometry , Plant Diseases/prevention & control
14.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int ; 30(60): 125559-125569, 2023 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37999850

ABSTRACT

This study analyses particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate nitrogen (PN) export from Indian monsoonal rivers to the north Indian Ocean. Indian monsoonal rivers export approximately 1.2 Tg yr-1 (1Tg = 1012 g) of POC and 0.14 Tg yr-1 of PN, with about two-thirds entering the Bay of Bengal (0.8 and 0.1 Tg yr-1, respectively) and the remaining reaches to the Arabian Sea (0.4 and 0.04 Tg yr-1, respectively). Remarkably, just four rivers from northwest India's black soil-dominated regions contribute about half of the total POC and PN exports (0.64 and 0.06 Tg yr-1, respectively). This is due to substantial erosion in these catchments, resulting in suspended matter concentrations averaging 596 ± 252 mg L-1, significantly higher than catchments dominated by red sandy, red loamy and alluvial soils (54 ± 56 mg l-1). In contrast, rivers originating from catchments with heavy precipitation, a tropical wet climate, red loamy soils (with peaty and marshy characteristics), rich tropical wet evergreen and moist deciduous forests, and higher soil organic carbon content yield more POC and PN (1704 ± 383 kgC km-2 yr-1 and 261 ± 56 kgN km-2 yr-1, respectively) than the other rivers of India (951 ± 508 kgC km-2 yr-1 and 120 ± 57 kgN km-2 yr-1, respectively). These findings stress that the export flux and yield of POC and PN from the Indian monsoonal rivers are primarily influenced by the interplay of hydrological, lithological, environmental, and climatic conditions within the catchment, rather than river size. Moreover, this study highlights the significant impact of incorporating POC data from medium-sized rivers worldwide, as it reveals that yield is independent of river size. This calls for a re-evaluation of global POC export fluxes, taking into account hydrological, lithological, environmental, and climatic factors.


Subject(s)
Carbon , Nitrogen , Carbon/analysis , Nitrogen/analysis , Indian Ocean , Rivers , Soil , Dust/analysis , Environmental Monitoring
15.
Poult Sci ; 102(11): 103033, 2023 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37708767

ABSTRACT

Impact of traditional halal meat production without stunning (NST) and commercial slaughter with electrical stunning (ST) of 100 slow-growing broiler chicken on blood plasma and different biochemical, enzymatic, hormonal, meat quality, and proteomic changes was evaluated. The results revealed lower (P < 0.05) postmortem pH values and higher redness (a*) scores for ST samples relative to NST group. Myofibrillar fragmentation index and bleeding efficiency (%) were lower (P < 0.05) in ST compared to NST samples. The ST group had higher (P < 0.05) creatinine, total protein, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and triiodothyronine (T3) than NST group, however, no difference (P > 0.05) in blood glucose, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), thyroxine (T4), cortisol, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was observed relative to NST samples. The 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) coupled to MALDI-TOF MS of meat samples has identified 14 differentially abundant proteins between 2 groups. Proteins demonstrating positive correlation with stress namely adenylate kinase isoenzyme-1, Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (NST), and apolipoprotein A-I (ST) were overabundant. From the current study, it is concluded that electrical stunning of broilers prior to slaughter or traditional halal slaughter without stunning does not adversely affect the meat quality.

16.
Food Environ Virol ; 15(4): 307-317, 2023 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37682460

ABSTRACT

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the leading cause of acute viral hepatitis globally, with zoonotic potential, and pigs are considered the major reservoir. To determine the seroprevalence of HEV infection in pigs reared in backyard conditions in the northeastern region of India, blood samples were collected from 400 pigs from five northeastern states (80 samples from each state) and tested for IgG antibodies against HEV using an ELISA assay. Questionnaires on farm characteristics and management practices were completed, and risk factors associated with HEV were studied using univariate and multivariate analysis. The apparent seroprevalence of HEV infection was 51% (46.1-55.9, 95% CI), with a true prevalence of 52.98% (47.22-58.75, 95% CI). The risk factors significantly associated with higher HEV seropositivity were as follows: lack of disinfection (OR 4.65), feeding swill (restaurant and bakery waste) (OR 2.55), failure to follow the all-in-all-out production system (OR 3.47), and medium holding size (OR 9.83), which refers to mixed rearing of younger and older age groups. This study demonstrates that HEV is widespread among pigs reared in northeastern India. The risk factor analysis conducted in this study provides valuable insights into the prevalence of HEV in the region.


Subject(s)
Hepatitis E virus , Hepatitis E , Swine Diseases , Animals , Swine , Hepatitis E virus/genetics , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Prevalence , Hepatitis E/epidemiology , Hepatitis E/veterinary , Risk Factors , India/epidemiology
17.
Indian J Clin Biochem ; 38(4): 485-494, 2023 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37746530

ABSTRACT

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the third foremost reason of death worldwide in both men and women of different age groups, and is associated with 17.8 million mortalities annually due to unknown specific genetic background. Hence, we elucidated the age- and gender-based predisposition of MMP-9 -1562 C > T (rs3918242) genotype and allele frequencies along with serum MMP-9 levels as probable risk factors in the development of CAD. This case-control study comprised 150 CAD patients and 150 controls from the South Indian Population. PCR-RFLP was performed to determine different genotypes of MMP-9 gene and serum levels of MMP-9 were measured using ELISA. Age- and gender-based subgroup analysis was performed to assess the probable risk of genotype-based serum MMP-9 levels. CT heterozygote showed 25.4% increased frequency in overall CAD patients compared to controls (OR, 4.48; p < 0.0001); while it was 29.2% in men patients (OR, 6.68; p < 0.0001). The CT heterozygote incurred 25.2% increased risk of CAD in younger patients (p = 0.0033), and 25.6% in older patients (p = 0.001). Allele frequency analysis revealed 20% increased risk of minor T allele in younger patients (p = 0.001), and was 13% higher compared to older patients (p = 0.04). Patients with CC homozygote and CT heterozygote showed significantly increased serum MMP-9 levels. Further, comparative analysis showed significantly increased MMP-9 serum levels in women with CT heterozygote compared to men with the same genotype. Our findings clearly demonstrated that rs3918242 of MMP-9 gene and high serum levels of MMP-9 are associated with CAD in South Indian population specifically in older women. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12291-022-01073-5.

18.
Indian J Clin Biochem ; 38(4): 495-504, 2023 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37746539

ABSTRACT

Myocardial infarction (MI) remains the most common cause of cardiac failure and continuous increasing rate of morbidity and mortality. We aimed to investigate the association of estrogen receptor-α (ESR1) gene polymorphism c454-397T>C with serum estradiol levels and dyslipidemia in 220 patients with MI in the age range of 35-70 years of both the genders. Genotyping study was performed through PCR-RFLP method using PvuII restriction enzyme. Serum estradiol level was estimated using the Access Sensitive Estradiol assay kit. Men patients had 43.2% increased risk for TC heterozygote in co-dominant (OR 10.66) and over-dominant models (OR 8.30), while women patients had 50% increased risk in co-dominant (OR 16.57) and over-dominant (OR 14.04) models. Variant C allele showed 25% increased risk of MI for in men (OR 2.24; CI 1.49-3.36; p = 0.0001), and 24% increased risk in women (OR 3.35; CI 1.95-5.76; p = 0.0001). Men patients had significantly increased serum estradiol levels compared to controls (25.28 ± 5.80 vs 17.04 ± 2.01; p < 0.0001). Significant difference was observed in estradiol levels between men and women patients (25.28 ± 5.80 vs 17.56 ± 3.32; p < 0.0001). Furthermore, significantly increased estradiol level was found in men patients compared to women for TT (25.46 ± 5.91 vs 16.71 ± 4.46; p < 0.0001), and TC genotypes (25.47 ± 5.91 vs 17.70 ± 2.86; p < 0.0001). Significantly increased HDL levels were observed in men patients with TC (43.10 ± 8.18 vs 38.91 ± 7.84; p < 0.01) and CC (47.16 ± 8.09 vs 38.91 ± 7.84; p < 0.001) genotypes compared to TT genotype. These findings suggest that TC heterozygote plays an important role as a genetic risk factor during MI pathogenesis in the South Indian population. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12291-022-01104-1.

19.
Analyst ; 148(20): 5203-5209, 2023 Oct 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37721488

ABSTRACT

Excessive production of potent biological oxidants such as HOCl has been implicated in numerous diseases. Thus, it is crucial to develop highly specific and precise methods to detect HOCl in living systems, preferably with molecules that can show a distinct therapeutic effect. Our study introduces the synthesis and application of a highly sensitive fluorescence "turn-on" probe, Myco-OCl, based on the mycophenolic acid scaffold with exceptional water solubility. The ESIPT-driven mechanism enables Myco-OCl to specifically and rapidly detect (<5 s) HOCl with an impressive Stokes shift of 105 nm (λex = 417 nm, λem = 522 nm) and a sub-nanomolar (97.3 nM) detection limit with the detection range of 0 to 50 µM. The potential of Myco-OCl as an excellent biosensor is evident from its successful application for live cell imaging of exogenous and endogenous HOCl. In addition, Myco-OCl enabled us to detect HOCl in a zebrafish inflammatory animal model. These underscore the great potential of Myco-OCl for detecting HOCl in diverse physiological systems. Our findings thus offer a highly promising tool for detecting HOCl in living organisms.

20.
Science ; 381(6659): 748-753, 2023 08 18.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37590351

ABSTRACT

During the consumption of alkanes, Alcanivorax borkumensis will form a biofilm around an oil droplet, but the role this plays during degradation remains unclear. We identified a shift in biofilm morphology that depends on adaptation to oil consumption: Longer exposure leads to the appearance of dendritic biofilms optimized for oil consumption effected through tubulation of the interface. In situ microfluidic tracking enabled us to correlate tubulation to localized defects in the interfacial cell ordering. We demonstrate control over droplet deformation by using confinement to position defects, inducing dimpling in the droplets. We developed a model that elucidates biofilm morphology, linking tubulation to decreased interfacial tension and increased cell hydrophobicity.


Subject(s)
Alcanivoraceae , Alkanes , Biofilms , Petroleum , Alcanivoraceae/metabolism , Alkanes/metabolism , Petroleum/metabolism , Biodegradation, Environmental
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