Synthesis of a Ag/rGO nanocomposite using Bos taurus indicus urine for nitroarene reduction and biological activity.

The present study develops a unique in situ synthesis of a catalytically and biologically active Ag/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite. Herein, we employed Bos taurus indicus urine to synthesize a Ag/rGO nanocomposite in an environmentally benign, facile, economical, and sustainable manner. The elemental composition analysis reveals the presence of Ag, O and C elements. The scanning electron micrograph shows the formation of spherical silver in nanoform whereas rGO is found to be flake shaped with a wrinkled nature. The synthesized nanomaterial and its composite shows a positive catalytic effect in simple organic transformation for the reduction of nitroarene compounds. Investigations were conducted into the catalytic effectiveness of the prepared nanomaterials for diverse nitroarene reduction. Then, using NaBH4 at 25 °C, the catalytic roles of Ag and the Ag/rGO nano-catalyst were assessed towards the catalytic reduction of several environmental pollutants such as 2-, 3- and 4-nitroaniline and 4-nitrophenol into their respective amino compounds. To test their catalytic performance, bio-mimetically synthesized Ag NPs were thermally treated at 200 °C and compared with the Ag/rGO nanocomposite. Furthermore, biomedical applications such as the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of the as-prepared nanomaterials were investigated in this study.

Bos taurus (A-2) urine assisted bioactive cobalt oxide anchored ZnO: a novel nanoscale approach.

In this study, a novel synthetic method for cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanoparticles using Bos taurus (A-2) urine as a reducing agent was developed. In addition to this ZnO nanorods were produced hydrothermally and a nanocomposite is formed through a solid-state reaction. The synthesized materials were characterized through modern characterization techniques such as XRD, FE-SEM with EDS, DLS, zeta potential, FT-IR, Raman spectroscopic analysis, and TGA with DSC. The free radical destructive activity was determined using two different methods viz. ABTS and DPPH. The potential for BSA denaturation in vitro, which is measured in comparison to heat-induced denaturation of egg albumin and results in anti-inflammatory effects of nanomaterial was studied. All synthesized nanomaterials have excellent antibacterial properties, particularly against Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus. The composite exhibits excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in comparison to pure nanomaterials. This reveals that these nanomaterials are advantageous in medicine and drug administration.

Biogenic synthesis of silver anchored ZnO nanorods as nano catalyst for organic transformation reactions and dye degradation.

In this study, we are reporting biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles and hydrothermal synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles. Using convenient mechanical milling methods, nanocomposites with superior photocatalytic and catalytic properties are synthesized. Herein, we have adopted a green, eco-friendly, and economical route for the synthesis of Ag nanoparticles using Zingiber officinalae rhizome extract in an aqueous solution. The synthesized materials were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, SEM & FE-SEM, FT-IR, Raman, and a particle size analyzer with zeta potential analysis. The photocatalytic activities of Ag, ZnO and their composites were studied by observing the degradation of methylene blue and crystal violet dyes under natural sunlight. Then the catalytic efficacies of synthesized nanoparticles for various organic transformation reactions were studied. Ag-ZnO nanocomposites were predicted to have improved photocatalytic activity and organic transformation reactions, allowing them to be used in environmental remediation applications.

Bio-mimetic synthesis of catalytically active nano-silver using Bos taurus (A-2) urine.

Herein we have synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using liquid metabolic waste of Bos taurus (A-2 type) urine. Various bio-molecules present in cow urine, are effectively used to reduce silver (Ag) ions into silver nanoparticles in one step. This is bio-inspired electron transfer to Ag ion for the formation of base Ag metal and is fairly prompt and facile. These nanoparticles act as a positive catalyst for various organic transformation reactions. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of the as-synthesized Ag NPs are widely characterized by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, Fourier transmission infra-red spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The as-synthesized bio-mimetic Ag NPs show potential activity for several reduction reactions of nitro groups. The Ag NPs were also used for degradation of hazardous dyes such as Methylene blue and Crystal violet with good degradation rate constant.