ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) are an important public health problem. It is estimated that approximately 1 out of every 20 hospitalized patients will contract an HCAI. The risk is substantial not only to patients but also to healthcare workers, who may contract deadly blood-borne infectious diseases. Hence, it is essential for healthcare professionals to have adequate knowledge regarding infection prevention practices (IPPs) to reduce the burden of these illnesses among patients seeking care. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 268 medical students at Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore. Information regarding important IPPs such as hand hygiene (HH), needle-stick injuries (NSIs), and standard precautions (SPs) was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. The collected information was analyzed using SPSS v.11. Fisher's exact test was used to test the association between variables of interest. RESULTS: Overall, knowledge levels regarding HH were low in aspects such as healthcare workers' hands as sources of infection (40%) and the minimum time needed to apply hand rubs (45.7%), whereas knowledge levels were high in aspects such as indications for using HH. Regarding NSI prevention, knowledge levels were low in aspects such as activities with the highest NSI risk (56%). However, knowledge levels were high in relation to SPs. CONCLUSION: The knowledge levels regarding infection practices were not adequate among the participants, particularly in the case of hand hygiene methods. Other important aspects, such as needle-stick injuries and use of standard precautions, were better understood, although many aspects still require improvement. These findings suggest the need to consider strengthening the training related to IPPs as a separate entity in the existing curriculum.
Subject(s)
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Infection Control/methods , Occupational Exposure/prevention & control , Professional Competence/statistics & numerical data , Students, Medical , Animals , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , India , Male , Young AdultABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Safe sputum disposal practices minimise the spread of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). OBJECTIVES: To study the perceptions and practices of sputum disposal among PTB patients. METHODOLOGY: This study was conducted among 206 diagnosed sputum-positive TB patients registered in selected DOTS centres in Mangalore. RESULTS: Safe sputum disposal practice was followed by 50% of the subjects: it was higher among females (62%), patients of middle socio-economic status (75.5%) and those with a family history of TB (70%). Furthermore, 75% patients believed that TB was caused by several factors. CONCLUSIONS: High proportions of subjects were unaware about the causes of TB and did not practise safe disposal of sputum.
Subject(s)
Health Behavior , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Medical Waste Disposal , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification , Specimen Handling , Sputum/microbiology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Adult , Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use , Awareness , Chi-Square Distribution , Cross-Sectional Studies , Directly Observed Therapy , Educational Status , Female , Humans , India , Male , Middle Aged , Perception , Sex Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/microbiology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/transmissionABSTRACT
A cross sectional study was conducted to evaluate perceptions of HIV/AIDS ethics among health care professionals at three associate hospitals of Kasturba Medical College Mangalore. A total of 144 health care professionals were included, of which 106 (73.6%) were doctors and 38 (26.4%) were nurses.Only 52.8% of doctors and 56.6% of nurses agreed that they had received adequate training related to HIV data confidentiality. 85.8% of doctors and 76.3% of nurses perceived that they need additional training in HIV policies & procedures. With respect to rights of HIV-positive clients 92.5% of doctors and 84.2% of nurses felt the need for further training. 69% of doctors and 52.6% of nurses agreed that confidentiality could be breached in case of subpoena or other judicial processes. Only 68.4% nurses agreed that it is an offence to intentionally disclose HIV/AIDS confidential information to anyone who is not legally authorised.
