ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial activity of green tea against Staphylococcus aureus both in vitro and in vivo has been reported recently. Studies on clinical efficacy and safety of green tea as antibacterial agent against S. aureus in human cases are rare. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of topical green tea on primary pyoderma caused by S. aureus. We also attempted to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of green tea against S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus. METHODS: Open label, prospective, placebo-controlled study included community-acquired primary pyoderma cases caused by S. aureus. Severity grading was done on a scale of 1-5. Green tea ointment 3% and placebo ointment were used. Cure was defined on the basis of negative culture and assessment of clinical improvement. Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by agar dilution method. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 16. RESULTS: Of the 372 patients, 250 received green tea and 122 received placebo. Multidrug-resistant S. aureus was isolated in 89.1% in green tea group and 81.1% in placebo group, respectively. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus was isolated in 24 patients. Cure was seen in 86% in green tea group and 6.6% in placebo group which was statistically very significant. The number of days for comprehensive cure in green tea group was 9.2 ± 6.4 days. All patients with methicillin-resistant S. aureus infection in the green tea group were cured. Minimum inhibitory concentration of green tea against S. aureus was 0.0265 ± 0.008 µg/ml and against methicillin-resistant S. aureus was 0.0205 ± 0.003 µg/ml. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY: Comparative trial was not conducted in the same patient with different lesions; children less than seven years were not considered as the school authorities did not permit for younger children to be included in the study and true randomization and blinding of investigators were not done. CONCLUSIONS: Green tea has a significant antibacterial effect against multidrug-resistant S. aureus. Minimum inhibitory concentration of green tea is established and is promising in methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections.
Subject(s)
Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/drug effects , Plant Extracts/administration & dosage , Pyoderma/drug therapy , Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Tea , Administration, Topical , Adolescent , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/physiology , Female , Humans , Male , Prospective Studies , Pyoderma/diagnosis , Staphylococcal Infections/diagnosis , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Staphylococcus aureus/physiology , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
The incidence of non-typhoidal salmonellosis has markedly increased in the past decade. Localised infection develops in approximately 5-10% of persons with salmonella bacteraemia. In this report, a 4-year-old female child suffering from acute lymphoid leukaemia is presented with high grade intermittent fever. Pustular lesions were observed over the right side of the scalp. The scalp abscess was drained and pus was sent for culture and sensitivity. Culture grew Salmonella typhimurium. Blood culture also grew the same organism. She had an uneventful recovery after treatment.
Subject(s)
Abscess/microbiology , Salmonella Infections/diagnosis , Salmonella typhimurium , Scalp Dermatoses/microbiology , Abscess/epidemiology , Abscess/pathology , Child, Preschool , Comorbidity , Female , Humans , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/epidemiology , Salmonella Infections/epidemiology , Salmonella Infections/pathology , Scalp Dermatoses/diagnosis , Scalp Dermatoses/epidemiology , Scalp Dermatoses/pathologySubject(s)
Abscess/diagnosis , Abscess/microbiology , Salmonella Infections/diagnosis , Salmonella Infections/pathology , Salmonella typhimurium/isolation & purification , Scalp Dermatoses/pathology , Bacteremia/diagnosis , Bacteremia/microbiology , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/complications , Scalp/microbiology , Scalp/pathologySubject(s)
Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/blood , Hepatitis B/epidemiology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Female , Hepatitis B/etiology , Humans , India/epidemiology , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/etiology , Pregnancy Trimester, Third , PrevalenceSubject(s)
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/epidemiology , HIV Wasting Syndrome/epidemiology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/complications , Animals , Cryptosporidium/isolation & purification , Diarrhea/parasitology , HIV Wasting Syndrome/complications , Humans , India/epidemiology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/complications , Microsporidia, Unclassified/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
A fatal case of primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) in a 5-month-old infant is described. The disease may have been contracted during bathing. The source of water was from an artificial well. The clinical presentation, the isolation of the ameba from the cerebrospinal fluid, the poor response to amphotericin B, and the ultimate fatal outcome are all consistent with the diagnosis of PAM. On the basis of its ability to grow at temperatures above 30 degrees C, the morphology of the trophozoite, and the presence of flagellate forms, the ameba was identified as Naegleria fowleri. Pathogenic N. fowleri amebae were recovered from samples of water from the well. To our knowledge this case represents the second case of PAM in an infant in the absence of the history of swimming.
Subject(s)
Amebiasis/diagnosis , Amebiasis/parasitology , Meningoencephalitis/diagnosis , Meningoencephalitis/parasitology , Naegleria fowleri/isolation & purification , Animals , Cerebrospinal Fluid/parasitology , Fatal Outcome , Humans , India , InfantABSTRACT
1567 clinical samples were obtained for the study; 494 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated (isolation rate of 31.52) and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns tested using Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. The antibiotic sensitivity testing revealed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were highly resistant to most anti-pseudomonal antibiotics; Amikacin was found to be most suitable for routine use with a sensitivity of 68.01% and the most resistant antibiotic was Netilmicin showing 70.04% resistance. Surprisingly, Gentamycin showed a relatively higher sensitivity of 55.87%. Sensitivity to Imipenem and Meropenem was 100%.
