ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of the neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) recombinant human insulin formulations Gansulin and Humulin N® on the glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Prospective, double-blind, randomized, parallel, single-center study of 37 individuals with T2DM treated with NPH insulin formulations. The Tukey-Kramer test for multiple comparisons, the Wilcoxon paired comparison test and the Chi-Square test were used for the statistical analyses. The significance level was set at 5% (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The NPH insulin formulations Humulin and Gansulin similarly reduced the HbA1c levels observed at the end of the study compared with the values obtained at the beginning of the study. In the Humulin group, the initial HbA1c value of 7.91% was reduced to 6.56% (p < 0.001), whereas in the Gansulin group, the reduction was from 8.18% to 6.65% (p < 0.001). At the end of the study, there was no significant difference between the levels of glycated hemoglobin (p = 0.2410), fasting plasma glucose (FG; p = 0.9257) and bedtime plasma glucose (BG; p = 0.3906) between the two insulin formulations. There was no nt difference in the number of hypoglycemic events between the two insulin formulations, and no severe hyp episodes were recorded. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated similar glycemic control by NPH insulin Gansulin compared with human insulin Humulin N® in patients with T2DM.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Isophane Insulin, Human/therapeutic use , Adult , Blood Glucose/analysis , Chemistry, Pharmaceutical , Double-Blind Method , Female , Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis , Humans , Hypoglycemia/chemically induced , Hypoglycemic Agents/economics , Insulin, Regular, Human/therapeutic use , Isophane Insulin, Human/economics , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Recombinant Fusion Proteins , Statistics, Nonparametric , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective To compare the effects of the neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) recombinant human insulin formulations Gansulin and Humulin N® on the glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Subjects and methods Prospective, double-blind, randomized, parallel, single-center study of 37 individuals with T2DM treated with NPH insulin formulations. The Tukey-Kramer test for multiple comparisons, the Wilcoxon paired comparison test and the Chi-Square test were used for the statistical analyses. The significance level was set at 5% (p < 0.05). Results The NPH insulin formulations Humulin and Gansulin similarly reduced the HbA1c levels observed at the end of the study compared with the values obtained at the beginning of the study. In the Humulin group, the initial HbA1c value of 7.91% was reduced to 6.56% (p < 0.001), whereas in the Gansulin group, the reduction was from 8.18% to 6.65% (p < 0.001). At the end of the study, there was no significant difference between the levels of glycated hemoglobin (p = 0.2410), fasting plasma glucose (FG; p = 0.9257) and bedtime plasma glucose (BG; p = 0.3906) between the two insulin formulations. There was no nt difference in the number of hypoglycemic events between the two insulin formulations, and no severe hyp episodes were recorded. Conclusion This study demonstrated similar glycemic control by NPH insulin Gansulin compared with human insulin Humulin N® in patients with T2DM.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , /drug therapy , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Isophane Insulin, Human/therapeutic use , Blood Glucose/analysis , Chemistry, Pharmaceutical , Double-Blind Method , Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis , Hypoglycemia/chemically induced , Hypoglycemic Agents/economics , Insulin, Regular, Human/therapeutic use , Isophane Insulin, Human/economics , Prospective Studies , Recombinant Fusion Proteins , Statistics, Nonparametric , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Os autores, preocupados com gastos näo médicos como transporte, alimentaçäo, hospedagem, etc., de pacientes com câncer nos seus deslocamentos até o Hospital Säo Judas Tadeu, Barretos, SP, resolveram fazer um estudo deste problema. Um questionário foi aplicado a 114 pacientes que faziam quimioterapia ambulatorialmente, no período de janeiro a maio de 1985. A análise mostrou que os gastos relativos com transporte, alimentaçäo e perda do dia de trabalho foram respectivamente de 80%, 11% e 9%. Os fatores que mais influenciaram estes resultados foram diferentes distâncias da residência do paciente ao Hospital e diferentes meios de transporte. Concluiu-se, também, que os pacientes com baixa renda mensal apresentavam despesas aproximadamente iguais aos de alta renda. Considerando os sofrimentos do paciente com câncer e de seus familiares, além da alta significância dos gastos encontrados, a situaçäo requer maior atençäo dos Orgäos governamentais competentes
