ABSTRACT
Carcinoma of the collecting ducts, or Bellini carcinoma, is a rare renal tumour and, unlike most renal cell carcinomas, it derives from distal tubules. It displays highly aggressive behaviour and has a poor prognosis. In this study, the authors present three cases which they observed over the past three years.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Renal Cell/diagnosis , Kidney Neoplasms/diagnosis , Kidney Tubules, Collecting/pathology , Aged , Carcinoma, Renal Cell/surgery , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Kidney Neoplasms/surgery , Kidney Tubules, Collecting/diagnostic imaging , Male , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Nephrectomy , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The finding of a renal adenocarcinoma in a young patient is a rare occurrence. We report on a case of renal adenocarcinoma with lung metastases arising in an 18-year-old girl with non-specific symptoms and normal blood chemistry and urinary analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: We underscore the aggressive nature of the tumour which grew asymptomatically, giving rise to lymph node and pulmonary metastases.
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma/secondary , Kidney Neoplasms/pathology , Lung Neoplasms/secondary , Adolescent , Female , HumansABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The increased detection of such small-sized carcinomas has brought a number of new problems regarding the surgical approach to be adopted. We review our experience with 34 patients with small-sized renal carcinomas, comparing the US and CT data with histological findings. METHODS: In a series of 150 cases of renal carcinoma, small sized carcinomas were diagnosed in 34 patients. All patients were examined by US and CT. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Five patients presented bifocal carcinomas. CT identified 100% of the small-sized carcinomas, failing only to identify the smaller carcinomas measuring less than 1 cm in diameter in the bifocal carcinoma cases, whereas US identified only 78.3% of the cases. The authors, moreover, mention the problem of multifocal tumours as an argument against performing a partial nephrectomy in the presence of two normally functioning kidneys, and believe it is advisable to reserve such conservative surgery for a selected number of cases.
Subject(s)
Kidney Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Kidney Neoplasms/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
The authors review the clinical, pathological and imaging characteristics of 20 patients with histological confirmation of 23 renal-cell carcinomas measuring < or = 3 cm in size. All lesions were unilateral. All patients were submitted to CT investigations, which identified 20 tumours (86%) and failed to identify 3 small-sized neoplastic nodular formations (0.4, 0.4, 0.8 cm) in patients with double tumour localisation in the same kidney. 15 patients underwent ultrasonography (US) which detected 11 carcinomas out of 17 (65%); of the 6 tumours (in 4 patients) not detected by US, 4 were identified by CT; 2 of these patients were subsequently re-examined by US with identification of the tumour. US failed to detect the 2 small tumours unidentified by CT (the third patient did not undergo US). 17 patients had no renal symptoms, and identification of the tumour was an incidental finding. The increasingly widespread use of US and CT enables a large number of kidneys to be examined and thus permits identification of a greater number of small-sized kidney tumours, allowing early surgical intervention with a greater chance of success. The technical options in surgical therapy may be multiple, though the use of any operation other than nephrectomy tends to be limited by the possible presence of small neoplastic nodular formations in the same kidney, which may not be detectable by US or CT owing to their very small size.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Renal Cell/diagnostic imaging , Kidney Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Female , Humans , Kidney/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Sensitivity and Specificity , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
The authors reviewed the complications of 114 needle biopsies performed in 103 transplant kidneys. The diagnostic and therapeutic approach has changed markedly as a result of the introduction of Doppler ultrasound and the possibility of selectively embolizing fistula tracts. Macroscopic haematuria was the most frequent complication (5%); in one case it appeared 1 week after biopsy and was complicated with obstructive anuria due to a pyeloureteric clot. The incidence of arteriovenous fistulae was fairly low (0.9%); a selective renal angiography was performed, confirming the vascular lesion and allowing its selective embolization. Perirenal blood collections were also rare and the amounts were small.
Subject(s)
Arteriovenous Fistula/etiology , Biopsy, Needle/adverse effects , Hematuria/etiology , Kidney Transplantation/pathology , Renal Artery , Renal Veins , Adult , Arteriovenous Fistula/epidemiology , Female , Hematuria/epidemiology , Humans , Incidence , Kidney Transplantation/diagnostic imaging , Male , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
Eleven cases of renal angiomyolipoma are reported. In all cases a correct preoperative diagnosis was made, using standards x-radiography, ultrasonography and computerized tomography. Small size AML do not generally require any surgery, while surgical procedures for larger AML vary depending on the size, associated diseases, other complicating factors. As a general rule, surgical treatment should be as conservative as possible.
Subject(s)
Hemangioma , Kidney Neoplasms , Lipoma , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Hemangioma/diagnosis , Hemangioma/therapy , Humans , Kidney Neoplasms/diagnosis , Kidney Neoplasms/therapy , Lipoma/diagnosis , Lipoma/therapy , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
The appearance of intestinal fistulas secondary to kidney disease is a rare occurrence. Even rarer are complex fistulas involving several organs or systems [correction of apparati]. In this study, the authors report on a case of reno-colo-cutaneous fistula which set in as a complication of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis.
Subject(s)
Colonic Diseases/etiology , Fistula/etiology , Intestinal Fistula/etiology , Kidney Diseases/etiology , Pyelonephritis, Xanthogranulomatous/complications , Skin Diseases/etiology , Colonic Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Colonic Diseases/surgery , Female , Fistula/diagnostic imaging , Fistula/surgery , Humans , Intestinal Fistula/diagnostic imaging , Intestinal Fistula/surgery , Kidney Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Kidney Diseases/surgery , Middle Aged , Nephrectomy , Pyelonephritis, Xanthogranulomatous/diagnostic imaging , Pyelonephritis, Xanthogranulomatous/surgery , Radiography , Skin Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Skin Diseases/surgeryABSTRACT
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a chronic inflammation of the kidney usually associated with renal stones, recurrent urinary tract infections or endocrine disorders. A correct preoperative diagnosis is rarely made, since no specific clinical or radiological pattern is known. Differential diagnosis must include renal tuberculosis and renal carcinoma. Ten cases of XGP are reported. Clinical findings, radiological and pathological features, biolaboratory abnormalities are discussed.
Subject(s)
Pyelonephritis, Xanthogranulomatous/diagnosis , Adult , Aged , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Male , Middle AgedSubject(s)
Kidney Diseases/surgery , Renal Artery/surgery , Adult , Female , Humans , Kidney Calices , Methods , SyndromeSubject(s)
Adenoma/pathology , Kidney Calices/pathology , Kidney Neoplasms/pathology , Kidney Pelvis/pathology , Adolescent , Female , HumansABSTRACT
The identification and diagnosis of thyroid metastases from renal adenocarcinoma are rare in living patients, though more frequent during autopsy. A case is reported in which the identification of thyroid metastases indicated a clear-cell renal carcinoma in a kidney treated 12 years earlier for emptying of multiple cysts.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology , Kidney Neoplasms/pathology , Thyroid Neoplasms/secondary , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Thyroid Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
The incidence of malignant neoplasms in patients subjected to pharmacological immunosuppression following kidney transplantation is higher than that observed in the control population at large. In our unit, in a study population of 451 patients undergoing a total of 462 kidney transplants over the period from 1968 to 1986, four malignant neoplasms (0.9%) were observed in 3/369 (0.8%) patients treated with azathioprine (1 ovarian papilliferous cystoadenoma, 1 embryonal carcinoma of the testicle and 1 Kaposi's sarcoma) and in 1/93 (1.1%) patients treated with cyclosporin (1 Kaposi's sarcoma). The neoplasm was successfully controlled only in the first case after bilateral extended adnexectomy.
Subject(s)
Immunosuppression Therapy/adverse effects , Kidney Transplantation , Neoplasms/etiology , Azathioprine/adverse effects , Humans , Lymphoma/etiology , Sarcoma, Kaposi/etiologyABSTRACT
The persistence or onset of hyperparathyroidism following kidney transplant is characterized by an incidence ranging from 2.6 to 70% according to the various statistics available. In a total of 462 kidney transplants performed in our department, hyperparathyroidism was detected in 9 patients. Surgery took the form of parathyroidectomy 8/8 plus autograft in 3 cases, parathyroidectomy 3/4 in 2 cases, 7/8 in 2 cases, and 4/8 in 1 case. Serum calcium values returned to normal in all patients after the operation.
Subject(s)
Hyperparathyroidism/etiology , Kidney Transplantation , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Humans , Hyperparathyroidism/surgery , Hyperplasia , Parathyroid Glands/pathologyABSTRACT
The authors report the results of a clinical study of the use of cyclosporin A plus low-dose steroids in a consecutive series of 55 kidney transplants with follow-up ranging from 6 to 20 months. The clinical results (rejects, immunosuppressant side effects, 12-month survival of transplant and patient) are compared with those of a similar group of patients on "traditional" therapy (azathioprine plus high-dose steroids). The results of the study confirm the efficacy of cyclosporin A in preventing and controlling acute reject crises in the course of allogenic transplant, though many of the problematic issues related its clinico-therapeutic management remain open questions.
Subject(s)
Cyclosporins/therapeutic use , Graft Rejection , Kidney Transplantation , Cyclosporins/adverse effects , Female , Humans , Male , Prognosis , Steroids/administration & dosage , Steroids/therapeutic use , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Perirenal urinary extravasation in the course of violent renal colic appears to occur much more frequently than is reported in the literature. In this study, the authors report on three such cases observed personally in the space of one year and discuss the pathophysiological factors which may give rise to this phenomenon.
Subject(s)
Colic/complications , Kidney Diseases , Adult , Aged , Colic/physiopathology , Dilatation, Pathologic/diagnostic imaging , Dilatation, Pathologic/etiology , Humans , Kidney Diseases/complications , Kidney Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Kidney Diseases/etiology , Kidney Diseases/physiopathology , Male , RadiographyABSTRACT
Primary tumors of the epididymis are very rare. The neoplasms most frequently affecting the epididymis are adenomatoid tumors. In this report, the authors describe a case observed personally. Various histogenetic hypotheses and the histological characteristics of the tumor are discussed.
Subject(s)
Epididymis , Teratoma/pathology , Testicular Neoplasms/pathology , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
In the course of a post-marketing surveillance program on the effectiveness and tolerability of pantethine in the treatment of hyperlipidemia, the effects of the drug were explored in 31 patients with dyslipidemia undergoing chronic hemodialysis. The mean duration of treatment was 9 months (min. 7 months, max. 24 months), with oral doses of 600 to 1200 mg of pantethine daily (mean daily dosage 970 mg). Improvement was noted in terms of total blood cholesterol in the 7 patients with basal hypercholesterolemia (p less than 0.01) and highly significant reduction of serum triglycerides. No variations of HDL-cholesterol or total Apo-A were detected. None of the patients experienced any adverse effects from the treatment. In the light of extensive experience with the drug, plus the results of this study, the authors conclude by stressing the importance of an effective and readily tolerated product, such as pantethine, for the treatment of dyslipidemia in patients on chronic hemodialysis.
Subject(s)
Hyperlipidemias/drug therapy , Pantetheine/therapeutic use , Renal Dialysis , Sulfhydryl Compounds/therapeutic use , Adult , Aged , Body Weight , Cholesterol/blood , Clinical Trials as Topic , Female , Humans , Hyperlipidemias/complications , Kidney Diseases/complications , Kidney Diseases/therapy , Male , Middle Aged , Triglycerides/bloodABSTRACT
Nephrogenic adenoma is a rare lesion of urothelial mucous membrane. At present, the cases described in literature are 85. In this work the Authors study the morphologic aspects and etiopathogenetic theories.
Subject(s)
Adenoma/pathology , Urologic Neoplasms/pathology , HumansABSTRACT
Primary retroperitoneal tumors (PRT) constitute about 0.02 per cent of all tumors examined in the Department of Pathology of our hospital. We report 3 cases of malignant PRT - yolk-sac tumour, vascular leiomyosarcoma and extraskeletal chondrosarcoma - selected for their histological rarity and clinical features. Recent techniques available for the diagnosis of these neoplasms and surgical treatment are discussed. The role of radio-chemotherapy is also dealt with.