Hypertension Canada's 2020 Comprehensive Guidelines for the Prevention, Diagnosis, Risk Assessment, and Treatment of Hypertension in Adults and Children.

Hypertension Canada's 2020 guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, risk assessment, and treatment of hypertension in adults and children provide comprehensive, evidence-based guidance for health care professionals and patients. Hypertension Canada develops the guidelines using rigourous methodology, carefully mitigating the risk of bias in our process. All draft recommendations undergo critical review by expert methodologists without conflict to ensure quality. Our guideline panel is diverse, including multiple health professional groups (nurses, pharmacy, academics, and physicians), and worked in concert with experts in primary care and implementation to ensure optimal usability. The 2020 guidelines include new guidance on the management of resistant hypertension and the management of hypertension in women planning pregnancy.

Tools for Enhancement and Quality Improvement of Peer Assessment and Clinical Care in Endocrinology and Metabolism.

Members of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario Endocrinology and Metabolism Peer Review Network have been involved in a quality improvement project to help standardize the peer assessment of physicians practicing in endocrinology and metabolism. This has included developing state-of-the-art summaries of common endocrine problems by Canadian experts in endocrinology and metabolism. These tools have been developed in response to the educational needs, as identified by peer reviewers, of practicing endocrinologists in Ontario. These pedagogical tools aim not only to standardize the documentation of the clinical performance of endocrinologists but also to make the process more transparent and to improve the quality of patient care in Ontario. This article summarizes the project and also provides the tools developed for the endocrinology and metabolism section of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario.

Hypertension Canada's 2018 Guidelines for Diagnosis, Risk Assessment, Prevention, and Treatment of Hypertension in Adults and Children.

Hypertension Canada provides annually updated, evidence-based guidelines for the diagnosis, assessment, prevention, and treatment of hypertension in adults and children. This year, the adult and pediatric guidelines are combined in one document. The new 2018 pregnancy-specific hypertension guidelines are published separately. For 2018, 5 new guidelines are introduced, and 1 existing guideline on the blood pressure thresholds and targets in the setting of thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke is revised. The use of validated wrist devices for the estimation of blood pressure in individuals with large arm circumference is now included. Guidance is provided for the follow-up measurements of blood pressure, with the use of standardized methods and electronic (oscillometric) upper arm devices in individuals with hypertension, and either ambulatory blood pressure monitoring or home blood pressure monitoring in individuals with white coat effect. We specify that all individuals with hypertension should have an assessment of global cardiovascular risk to promote health behaviours that lower blood pressure. Finally, an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor combination should be used in place of either an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker in individuals with heart failure (with ejection fraction < 40%) who are symptomatic despite appropriate doses of guideline-directed heart failure therapies. The specific evidence and rationale underlying each of these guidelines are discussed.

The Potential Role of Primary Care in Case Detection/Screening of Primary Aldosteronism.

Endocrine hypertension, particularly primary aldosteronism (PA), was previously considered to account for less than 1% of all hypertension and was suspected only when patients presented with spontaneous hypokalemia. However, the last 20 years of PA research has now clearly shown that PA is not a rarity, but rather, may account for up to 13% of unselected hypertensive individuals and between 10% and 20% of those with resistant hypertension. Most of these patients do not have spontaneous hypokalemia. The population prevalence of PA likely far exceeds actual detection rates in routine clinical care. As PA represents one of the most common, potentially reversible causes of hypertension, and is associated with significant cardiovascular complications over the long term, it is clear that a pragmatic strategy for targeted case detection in primary care is needed.

Desmoplastic small round cell tumour in a 74 year old man: an uncommon cause of ascites (case report).

A rare case is provided of a 74 year old man who presented with ascites of unknown etiology. CT scan of the abdomen revealed extensive omental caking, and omental biopsy cytogenetics showed findings in keeping with a diagnosis of desmoplastic small round cell tumour (DSRCT). This case is unique in that it involves a significantly older patient, negative WT1 immunohistochemical staining, and negative cytology. Despite repeated paracenteses and fluid management, the patient died in hospital secondary to renal complications.

Is granulomatous thyroiditis a complication of breast implants?

Granulomatous inflammation of the thyroid can occur secondarily to many underlying disease states, both infectious and noninfectious. Silicon, the second most abundant element on earth after oxygen, has been associated with autoimmune connective-tissue diseases and production of autoantibodies in patients with silicone breast implants. However, there has been no proven cause-and-effect relationship. Cases of granulomatous lymphadenopathy and pericapsular granulomatous reactions have been reported with silicone breast implants owing to silicone leakage. In this article, we report, for the first time, a case of granulomatous thyroiditis associated with silicone breast implants.