ABSTRACT
Sustainability is at the heart of many application fields where the use of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) is becoming more and more important (e.g., agriculture, fire detection and prediction, environmental surveillance, mapping, etc.). However, their usage and evolution are highly conditioned by the specific application field they are designed for, and thus, they cannot be easily reused among different application fields. From this point of view, being that they are not multipurpose, we can say that they are not fully sustainable. Bearing this in mind, the objective of this paper is two-fold: on the one hand, to identify the whole set of features that must be provided by a UAS to be considered sustainable and to show that there is no UAS satisfying all these features; on the other hand, to present an open and sustainable UAS architecture that may be used to build UAS on demand to provide the features needed in each application field. Since this architecture is mainly based on software and hardware adaptability, it contributes to the technical sustainability of cities.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Many studies have explored personal values in nursing, but none has assessed whether the predictions made by the theory of intergenerational value change are true for the different generations of nursing professionals and students. This theory predicts a shift in those personal values held by younger generations towards ones focussed on self-expression. RESEARCH QUESTION: The purpose of the study was to identify intergenerational differences in personal values among nursing professionals and nursing students and to determine whether generational value profiles fit the predictions made by the theory. RESEARCH DESIGN: An exploratory comparative design with a cross-sectional survey method was used. PARTICIPANTS AND RESEARCH CONTEXT: Participants were recruited from four public hospitals and 10 Primary Care Centres in medium-size cities in Spain. A sample of 589 nurses and 2295 nursing students participated in the study. An open survey method was used to collect data that were classified grouping reported values into categories following a method of value lexicon construction and analysed by contingency tables with Pearson's χ (2) and standardized residuals. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS: Approval to conduct the study was obtained from the Deans of the nursing schools and the Directors of Nursing of the institutions. Anonymity was guaranteed, participation was voluntary and participants were informed of the purpose of the study. FINDINGS: The results can be synthesized in two age-related trends in the reporting of values among three groups of participants. First, among younger nurses and students, some nursing core values (e.g. ethical and professional) decreased in importance, while other values centred on social relationships and personal well-being increased. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This study shows intergenerational change in personal values among both nursing students and young nursing professionals. Findings suggest the need to pay more attention to value training and professional socialization during the schooling period.
Subject(s)
Ethics, Nursing , Nurses/psychology , Social Values , Students, Nursing/psychology , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Intergenerational Relations , Male , Nurses/statistics & numerical data , Schools, Nursing , Spain , Students, Nursing/statistics & numerical data , Young AdultABSTRACT
The present study evaluates the personal values reported by a sample of New York Hispanic residents using an open evaluation format in which the participants identified and prioritized their personal values. Four hundred and forty-five participants were assigned to one of three groups: Young (N= 159), Adult (N= 168) and Senior (N= 118). The values reported were categorized into post-materialist, materialist or non-classifiable. The Percentage Difference Index between post-materialist and materialist values was calculated in order to determine the value profile for each age group. The results showed that reports of personal values and values attributed to the participants' own generation were similar in Adult and Senior groups, but were very different in the Young Group, with a differential report of post-materialist values. Furthermore, exposure to American culture did not appear to have a significant effect on the reported values of NYC Hispanics. To confirm these findings, we need to conduct additional studies with larger samples of culturally diverse populations.
Se exploran los valores en una muestra de hispanos de New York, empleando un formato abierto en el que los participantes identifican y priorizan su valores personales y los de su generación. Los 445 participantes se distribuyeron en tres grupos: Jóvenes (N = 159), Adultos (N = 168) y Mayores (N = 118). Los informes de valores se categorizaron como postmaterialistas, materialistas o no clasificables, y se calculó el Percentage Difference Index entre valores postmaterialistas y materialistas para determinar el perfil de valores de cada grupo. Los resultados mostraron que los informes de valores personales y generacionales fueron similares en los grupos Adulto y Mayor, y diferentes en el Grupo Joven con un reporte diferencial entre valores personales y generacionales. Por otro lado, el tiempo vivido bajo la influencia de la cultura norteamericana parece no tener un efecto significativo en el informe de valores para esta población. Para confirmar estos hallazgos son necesarios estudios adicionales con muestras más amplias y en poblaciones culturalmente diversas.
Subject(s)
Psychology , Psychometrics , Reference ValuesSubject(s)
Psychology, Applied/history , Token Economy , History, 19th Century , Humans , Reinforcement, PsychologyABSTRACT
Se hace una breve revisión de las distrofias maculares hereditarias y su clasificación. Existe un gran número de ellas reportado en la literatura, pero prácticamente el 90 por ciento de todas lo ocupan la enfermedad de Stargardt y la enfermedad de Best; la primera de estas ocupa casi las tres cuartas partes del total; de estas dos se hace una descripción somera. Se hace énfasis de los elementos clínicos de diagnóstico, así como de las pruebas electrofisiológicas necesarias para su confirmación. De las distrofias restantes se hace sólo mención.
Subject(s)
Pigment Epithelium of Eye , Eye Diseases, Hereditary , Retinal Drusen/genetics , Macular Degeneration , Choroid Diseases/genetics , Macula Lutea/pathology , Corneal Dystrophies, HereditaryABSTRACT
Dentro de las distrofias retinianas, la Retinosis Pigmentada está considerada como un grupo de enfermedades con disfunción progresiva por involucro de los fotorreceptores, caracterizada por la presencia de nictalopía, disminución progresiva del campo visual y antecedentes hereditarios. Se revisa su prevalencia, presentación según su tipo, y enfermedades asociadas, conformando síndromes. Asimismo el diagnóstico. evaluación de métodos de apoyo diagnóstico, pronóstico y manejo, así como la necesidad del estudio genético para tipificación y consejo para su manejo integral.
Subject(s)
Retinitis Pigmentosa , Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate/pathology , Retinal Degeneration , Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells/pathology , Optic Atrophies, Hereditary , Macular DegenerationABSTRACT
Dentro de las distrofias retinianas, la Retinosis Pigmentada está considerada como un grupo de enfermedades con disfunción progresiva por involucro de los fotorreceptores, caracterizada por la presencia de nictalopia, disminución progresiva del campo visual y antecedentes hereditarios. Se revisa su prevalencia, presentación según su tipo, y enfermedades asociadas, conformando síndromes. Asimismo el diagnóstico, evaluación de métodos de apoyo diagnóstico, pronóstico y manejo, así como la necesidad del estudio genético para tipificación y consejo para su manejo integral
Subject(s)
Retinal Diseases/physiopathology , Retinal Diseases/genetics , Retinal Diseases/therapy , Retinitis Pigmentosa/etiology , Retinitis Pigmentosa/therapy , Retinitis Pigmentosa/epidemiology , Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate/pathology , Eye/pathology , Optic Atrophy/diagnosis , Optic Atrophy/physiopathology , Optic Atrophy/therapyABSTRACT
Hoy en día, cualquier persona en el mundo requiere de sólo un ordenador con acceso a internet para que con un simple teclado se comunique con otro usuario en un rincón opuesto del planeta. Excepto por la invención de la imprenta, la red de redes, o internet, esta teniendo un pacto sin precedentes en la comunicación y diseminación del conocimiento. El propósito de esta presentación es discutir las aplicaciones en internet a la psicología de la salud. El uso del correo electrónico, listas de correo, las charlas, y la World Wide Web son herramientas tecnológicas que ofrece internet para fortalecer la labor del psicólogo en el entrenamiento, la práctica y la investigación en la psicología de la salud. El uso de la ciberterapia, particularmente de grupo sería discutido. Finalmente, especularemos sobre el futuro de internet y la psicología de la salud.
Today, anyone with a computer connected to the internet can communicate with another user anywhere in the world. No other technology has impacted the communication and dissemination of scientific information the way the internet has. Distance, borders, and time schedules have a minimum impact on the way we interact in cyberworld, The purpose of this article is to discuss the applications of the internet tools such as E-mail, Mailing Lists, Chat-Rooms and the world Wide Web are presented as a means of strengthening the health psychologists professional role, it is a argued the internet has changes the way we research and train in the field. The use of cybertherapy in conjunction with face to-face therapy is seen as a useful tool. Internet group therapy is a promising technology. It is concluded that IberoAmerican Psychologists can use the internet to reverse the flow of information so that knowledge also travels from south to north.
