ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Serum CA19-9 level is a sensitive marker for pancreatic tissue damage; however, its correlation factors are still unclear in diabetic patients. This study was aimed to investigate the correlation factors of serum CA 19-9 levels in these patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: Based on their serum CA19-9 levels, 412 diabetic patients (57 type 1 and 355 type 2) were divided into the negative group (432 cases, CA19-9 37 U /ml) and the positive group (31 cases, CA19-9 ≥ 37 U /ml). The two groups were compared with age, sex, duration of diabetic history, hemoglobin A1c, blood lipid, fasting C-peptide level, and area under the curve C-peptide. The difference was significant between 2 groups in age, hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting C-peptide level, and area under the curve C-peptide (P < 0.05). A multivariate linear regression model found that the type of diabetes, hemoglobin A1c, area under the curve C-peptide, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol are the independent contributors to CA19-9 levels. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that CA19-9 levels in patients with diabetes mellitus were related to not only age and sex but also diabetic type, hemoglobin A1c, lipid metabolism, and pancreatic beta cell function.
Subject(s)
Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/blood , Diabetes Mellitus/blood , Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis , Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism , Lipid Metabolism , Adolescent , Adult , C-Peptide/blood , China , Cholesterol/blood , Cholesterol, HDL/blood , Female , Humans , Linear Models , Male , Middle Aged , Multivariate Analysis , Young AdultABSTRACT
The antineoplastic agent paclitaxel (TAXOL) is a potent inhibitor of tumor cell division that also suppresses lymphocyte proliferative responses. Because chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression may limit the patient's antitumor responses, we investigated the possibility that the T cell stimulatory cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12) could be used to reverse paclitaxel-mediated lymphocyte suppression. Recognizing that IL-12 treatment following paclitaxel exposure promotes T cell responses in vitro, we evaluated the antitumor efficacy of IL-12 administration concurrent and subsequent to paclitaxel treatment. Simultaneous administration of IL-12 and paclitaxel failed to limit tumor outgrowth or extend survival beyond chemotherapy alone, although IL-12 did not manifest negative effects. In contrast, post-chemotherapeutic IL-12 significantly delayed tumor outgrowth and extended survival in tumor-burdened BALB/c mice. Correlative enhancements in ex vivo immune cell effector function were also observed following paclitaxel and temporally delayed IL-12 therapy. Collectively, these data demonstrate an immunotherapeutic efficacy of IL-12 that augments the chemotherapeutic activities of paclitaxel when delivered in the appropriate temporal sequence.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage , Fibrosarcoma/drug therapy , Interleukin-12/administration & dosage , Paclitaxel/administration & dosage , Animals , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Cytokines/drug effects , Cytokines/immunology , Disease Models, Animal , Drug Administration Schedule , Lymphocytes/drug effects , Lymphocytes/immunology , Macrophage Activation/drug effects , Macrophage Activation/immunology , Macrophages/drug effects , Macrophages/immunology , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB CABSTRACT
Twelve peptides derived from melanocyte differentiation proteins and cancer-testis Ags were combined and administered in a single mixture to patients with resected stage IIB, III, or IV melanoma. Five of the 12 peptides included in this mixture had not previously been evaluated for their immunogenicity in vivo following vaccination. We report in this study that at least three of these five peptides (MAGE-A1(96-104), MAGE-A10(254-262), and gp100(614-622)) are immunogenic when administered with GM-CSF in Montanide ISA-51 adjuvant. T cells secreting IFN-gamma in response to peptide-pulsed target cells were detected in peripheral blood and in the sentinel immunized node, the node draining a vaccine site, after three weekly injections. The magnitude of response typically reached a maximum after two vaccines, and though sometimes diminished thereafter, those responses typically were still detectable 6 wks after the last vaccines. Most importantly, tumor cell lines expressing the appropriate HLA-A restriction element and MAGE-A1, MAGE-A10, or gp100 proteins were lysed by corresponding CTL. This report supports the continued use of the MAGE-A1(96-104), MAGE-A10(254-262), and gp100(614-622) epitopes in peptide-based melanoma vaccines and thus expands the list of immunogenic peptide Ags available for human use. Cancer-testis Ags are expressed in multiple types of cancer; thus the MAGE-A1(96-104) and MAGE-A10(254-262) peptides may be considered for inclusion in vaccines against cancers of other histologic types, in addition to melanoma.
