Topical rapamycin combined with pulsed dye laser in the treatment of capillary vascular malformations in Sturge-Weber syndrome: phase II, randomized, double-blind, intraindividual placebo-controlled clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) is characterized by port-wine stains (PWS) affecting the face, eyes, and central nervous system. Pulsed dye laser (PDL) is the standard treatment for PWS. Unfortunately, recurrence is frequent because of reformation and reperfusion of blood vessels. OBJECTIVE: We sought to assess the clinical efficacy of topical rapamycin combined with PDL in PWS of patients with SWS. METHODS: We conducted a phase II, randomized, double-blind, intraindividual placebo-controlled, clinical trial. We recruited 23 patients with SWS and facial PWS (12 women; median age 33 years, age range 17-65 years) from the University Clinic of Navarra, Spain. Four interventions were evaluated: placebo, PDL + placebo, rapamycin, and PDL + rapamycin. Clinical and histologic responses were evaluated using a chromatographic computerized system, spectrometry, and histologic analyses at 6, 12, and 18 weeks after the intervention. RESULTS: PDL + rapamycin yielded the lowest digital photographic image score and the lowest percentage of vessels in histologic analysis, and showed a statistically significant improvement compared with the other interventions. The treatment was generally well tolerated. LIMITATIONS: PDL was only applied to the lateral parts of the PWS area. CONCLUSION: Topical rapamycin associated with PDL seems to be an effective treatment for PWS in patients with SWS.

Partial unilateral lentiginosis treated with alexandrite Q-switched laser: case report and review of the literature.

Partial unilateral lentiginosis (PUL) is a rare pigmentary disorder characterized by multiple lentigines grouped within an area of normal skin, often in a segmental pattern and appearing at birth or in childhood. There is no established standard treatment for this condition. We present two cases of PUL succesfully treated with alexandrite Q-switched laser. In our cases, this laser proved to be a safe and effective treatment for cosmetically disfiguring lentigines. Special precautions are needed when treating dark-skinned patients because side effects are more likely. We propose that this modality be considered in the treatment of this rare disorder.

Toxic epidermal necrolysis related to pemetrexed and carboplatin with vitamin B12 and folic acid supplementation for advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

BACKGROUND: Pemetrexed is a multitargeted antifolate initially approved as a single agent for the second-line treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer and more recently in the first-line setting combined with cisplatin. The combination of pemetrexed with carboplatin has been tested in several phase II clinical trials showing interesting antitumour activity with mild toxicity. Supplementation with folic acid and vitamin B12 during treatment with pemetrexed is recommended to reduce potential haematological and gastrointestinal adverse events. CASE REPORT: A patient experienced cutaneous lesions including widespread erythema, epidermal detachment, and skin denudation, associated with deterioration of his general condition after the second cycle of this chemotherapy combination, which was clinically and histologically compatible with toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell's syndrome). Treatment with systemic steroids, antihistamines, and antibiotics led to resolution of the skin lesions and improvement of his general condition. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the second case reported in the literature of this type of suspected adverse drug reaction associated with a pemetrexed-based chemotherapy combination.

An imbalance in Akt/mTOR is involved in the apoptotic and acantholytic processes in a mouse model of pemphigus vulgaris.

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune blistering disease characterized by the presence of IgG autoantibodies against Dsg3. Our aim was to investigate the molecular events implicated in the development and localization of apoptosis and acantholysis in PV. We used a passive transfer mouse model together with immunohistochemical (IHC) techniques and the TUNEL assay, with quantification analysis in the basal layer of the epidermis. The activated signalling molecules analysed and apoptotic cells detected showed an identical localization. Herein, we found for the first time in vivo an increased expression of activated HER receptor isoforms in the basal layer in PV lesions. Besides, we observed the almost total lack of activated Akt compared with a higher level of activated mTOR within the basal cells of the epidermis. Our observations strongly support that the restriction of acantholysis to the basal layer may be due, at least in part, to the selective and increased presence of activated HER receptor isoforms in these cells. After phosphorylation of HER receptor isoforms, intracellular signalling pathways are activated in the basal layer. In addition, the imbalance in Akt/mTOR that takes place in the basal cells may provide intracellular signals necessary for the development of apoptosis and acantholysis.