Técnica modificada del flap invertido superior con vitrectomía versus vitrectomía con pelado de membrana limitante interna para el desprendimiento de retina con agujero macular miópico / Modified superior inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique with vitrectomy versus vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling for retinal detachment with myopic macular hole

Objetivo Evaluar la eficacia de la técnica del flap invertido superior de membrana limitante interna (MLI) modificada para el tratamiento del desprendimiento de retina (DR) por agujero macular (AM), comparada con el pelado clásico de la MLI. Materiales y métodos Análisis retrospectivo de 10 pacientes que requirieron vitrectomía pars plana por DR con AM. Se dividieron en dos grupos, según la técnica quirúrgica realizada: grupo del flap (5 pacientes) y de pelado de MLI (5 pacientes). Se comparó la agudeza visual mejor corregida (AVMC) pre y posquirúrgica, la resolución del DR, la tasa de cierre del AM y la restauración de las capas externas de la retina entre los grupos. Resultado La AVMC poscirugía mejoró en ambos grupos, sin diferencias significativas (p=0,9). La tasa de cierre del AM fue del 100% en el grupo del flap y del 80% del grupo de pelado de la MLI, sin diferencias significativas entre los grupos. La retina se reaplicó en el 100% de los casos en ambos grupos. Solo se restauraron las capas externas de la retina en 2 pacientes del grupo del flap invertido (40%) y en ninguno del grupo de pelado de la MLI (p=0,62). Conclusiones Las técnicas de pelado de MLI y del flap invertido superior modificada son útiles para el tratamiento del DR con agujero macular en ojos miopes (AU)

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of the modified superior inverted internal limiting (ILM) membrane flap technique in retinal reattachment, macular hole closure and external retinal layers restoration in macular hole associated retinal detachment compared to ILM peeling. Methods Retrospective case series of 10 patients that required pars plana vitrectomy for retinal detachment with macular hole followed for more than 12months. Data from medical records were retrospectively collected and patients were divided into the superior inverted flap (5 patients) and ILM peeling group (5 patients). We compared best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) before and after surgery, retinal attachment, macular hole closure rate and external retinal layer restoration between groups. Results There were significant improvements in BCVA in both groups before and after surgery, with no differences between the two groups at 12months after surgery (P=.9). The macular hole closed in 100% of cases in the inverted flap group and 80% of the ILM peeling group with no significant differences between groups. The retina was reattached in 100% of cases in both groups. Only 2 patients in the inverted flap group (40%) had external retinal layer restoration and none in ILM peeling group (P=.62). Conclusions ILM peeling and superior inverted flap techniques are useful for treating retinal detachment with macular hole in myopic eyes (AU)

Modified superior inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique with vitrectomy versus vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling for retinal detachment with myopic macular hole.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of the modified superior inverted internal limiting (ILM) membrane flap technique in retinal reattachment, macular hole closure and external retinal layers restoration in macular hole associated retinal detachment compared to ILM peeling. METHODS: Retrospective case series of 10 patients that required pars plana vitrectomy for retinal detachment with macular hole followed for more than 12 months. Data from medical records were retrospectively collected and patients were divided into the superior inverted flap (5 patients) and ILM peeling group (5 patients). We compared best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) before and after surgery, retinal attachment, macular hole closure rate and external retinal layer restoration between groups. RESULTS: There were significant improvements in BCVA in both groups before and after surgery, with no differences between the two groups at 12 months after surgery (p=0.9). The macular hole closed in 100% of cases in the inverted flap group and 80% of the ILM peeling group with no significant differences between groups. The retina was reattached in 100% of cases in both groups. Only 2 patients in the inverted flap group (40%) had external retinal layer restoration and none in ILM peeling group (p=0.62). CONCLUSIONS: ILM peeling and superior inverted flap techniques are useful for treating retinal detachment with macular hole in myopic eyes.

Predictors of good visual outcomes in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration in daily practice.

PURPOSE: To report predictive factors for therapeutic response to anti-VEGF in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) in daily clinical practice in our patient population. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study including 56 patients (69 eyes) with nAMD treated with anti-VEGF, followed for at least two years between February 2012 and April 2018. Patients received three intravitreal anti-VEGF (bevacizumab) injections (loading dose) and were monitored and treated according to a PRN regimen. We analysed whether a gain in visual acuity of 15 or more ETDRS letters at the final visit was associated with demographic characteristics, presence of systemic comorbidities, fundus lesions or measurable improvement on Cirrus optical coherence tomography (OCT) between the first and last visit. RESULTS: After a mean follow-up of 15.5 months (4.7-27.8 interquartile range), central retinal thickness (CRT) (RR: 1.004; IC 95%: 1.001-1.007; P=0.011) and macular hemorrhage (RR: 0.30; IC 95%: 0.10-0.90, P=0.032) at baseline were found to be useful predictive factors for visual acuity improvement (≥15 letters) in patients treated for nAMD by anti-VEGF in a real world clinical setting. CONCLUSION: In the present series of patients with nAMD receiving a loading dose of bevacizumab and followed according to a PRN regimen for 24 months, the only predictable factors for a ≥15 letter gain in visual acuity were anatomical response as measured by OCT and macular hemorrhage at baseline.

Comparación de tonómetro de contorno dinámico, Goldmann y neumotonómetro en pacientes con hipertensión ocular y su relación con la paquimetría y amplitud del pulso ocular / Comparison of dynamic contour tonometry, Goldmann and pneumotonometer in ocular hypertension patients and their relationship to pachymetry and ocular pulse amplitude

Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre el tonómetro de contorno dinámico (TCD), Goldmann (TG) y neumotonómetro (NT) en pacientes con hipertensión ocular (HTO) y su relación con el grosor central de la córnea (GCC) y amplitud del pulso ocular (APO). Método: Se han incluido 60 pacientes (101 ojos) con presión intraocular (PIO)mayor o igual 21mmHg con TG y sin alteraciones glaucomatosas en disco óptico y campo visual. Se ha medido la PIO con TG, TCD y NT, la APO con el TCD y el GCC con paquímetro de ultrasonido. Se ha estudiado la diferencia de PIO entre los tres tonómetros mediante el test no paramétrico de Wilconxon y la relación de la APO con el GCC y la PIO con el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman. Resultados: La mediana de PIO con NT fue de 24mmHg (RIC: 22-26), con TG de 22mmHg (RIC: 22-24) y con TCD de 28,2mmHg (rango intercunatílico [RIC]:24,1-30,7). En comparación con el TG la PIO fue mayor con el NT y con el TCD, siendo la diferencia de medianas de 2,0 y de 6,2mmHg respectivamente. La media del GCC fue de 594,5 micrometro (DE 30,0), encontrándose una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre esta y la PIO con TG (r:0,209; p=0,036) y de magnitud similar aunque sin ser significativa con el TCD (r:0,195; p=0,051). No se encuentra asociación entre GCC y NT (r: 0,15; p=0,12). La APO fue de 4,8mmHg (RIC: 3,6-6,1), incrementándose significativamente con la PIO tomada por el TG (r: 0,388; p<0,001) y con el GCC (r: 0,287; p=0,004). Esta relación no fue significativa con el NT y TCD (r: 0,067; p=0,50 y r: 0,17; p=0,08 respectivamente). Conclusiones: Los valores de PIO con TCD y NT son mayores que con TG en pacientes con HTO. La PIO con TG se ve influenciada por el aumento de GCC. El incremento de APO se asocia a un incremento del GCC y de PIO con los tres tonómetros (siendo esta relación solo estadísticamente significativa con el TG)(AU)

Purpose: To determine the relationship between dynamic contour tonometry (DCT), Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) and pneumotonometry (PNT) in ocular hypertension patients (OHT) and their relationship to central corneal thickness (CCT) and ocular pulse amplitude (OPA). Methods: Sixty patients (101 eyes) with intraocular pressure (IOP) greater than or equal 21mmHg using GAT and normal appearing optic nerve heads and normal visual fields were included. The following tests were performed simultaneously during a single visit: IOP using DCT, GAT and PNT, OPA using DCT and CCT using ultrasound pachymetry. We studied the difference IOP between these 3 tonometers using Wilcoxon non-parametric test and the effect of CCT on IOP and OPA, as well as the relationship between OPA and IOP using Spearman correlation coefficient. Results: The median PNT IOP was 24mmHg (Inter-quartile range [IQR]: 22-26), median GAT IOP was 22mmHg (IQR: 22-24), and median DCT IOP was 28.2mmHg (IQR: 24.1-30.7). PNT and DCT had higher IOP values than GAT (median 2mmHg and 6.2mmHg, respectively). Mean CCT was 594.5 micrometer (SD 30.0). GAT IOP and DCT IOP showed an increase with increased corneal thickness (r: 0.209; P=0.036 and r: 0.195; P=0.051, respectively). PNT IOP did not change with CCT (r: 0.15; P=0.12). The median OPA was 4.8mmHg (IQR: 3.6-6.1), and significantly increased with GAT IOP (r: 0,38; P<0.001) and with CCT (r:0.287; P=0.004). This association was unclear with IOP PNT and IOP DCT (r: 0.067; P=0.50 and r: 0,17, P=0.08, respectively). Conclusions: DCT and PNT IOP values were higher than GAT IOP measurements in ocular hypertension patients. GAT IOP showed a significant increase with increased corneal thickness. Increased OPA seems to correlate with increased CCT and IOP, particularly if GAT is used(AU)

[Comparison of dynamic contour tonometry, Goldmann and pneumotonometer in ocular hypertension patients and their relationship to pachymetry and ocular pulse amplitude]. / Comparación de tonómetro de contorno dinámico, Goldmann y neumotonómetro en pacientes con hipertensión ocular y su relación con la paquimetría y amplitud del pulso ocular.

PURPOSE: To determine the relationship between dynamic contour tonometry (DCT), Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) and pneumotonometry (PNT) in ocular hypertension patients (OHT) and their relationship to central corneal thickness (CCT) and ocular pulse amplitude (OPA). METHODS: Sixty patients (101 eyes) with intraocular pressure (IOP) ≥21 mmHg using GAT and normal appearing optic nerve heads and normal visual fields were included. The following tests were performed simultaneously during a single visit: IOP using DCT, GAT and PNT, OPA using DCT and CCT using ultrasound pachymetry. We studied the difference IOP between these 3 tonometers using Wilcoxon non-parametric test and the effect of CCT on IOP and OPA, as well as the relationship between OPA and IOP using Spearman correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The median PNT IOP was 24 mmHg (Inter-quartile range [IQR]: 22-26), median GAT IOP was 22 mmHg (IQR: 22-24), and median DCT IOP was 28.2 mmHg (IQR: 24.1-30.7). PNT and DCT had higher IOP values than GAT (median 2 mmHg and 6.2 mmHg, respectively). Mean CCT was 594.5 µm (SD 30.0). GAT IOP and DCT IOP showed an increase with increased corneal thickness (r:0.209; P=.036 and r:0.195; P=.051, respectively). PNT IOP did not change with CCT (r:0.15; P=.12). The median OPA was 4.8 mmHg (IQR: 3.6-6.1), and significantly increased with GAT IOP (r:0,38; P<.001) and with CCT (r:0.287; P=.004). This association was unclear with IOP PNT and IOP DCT (r:0.067; P=.50 and r:0,17, P=.08, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: DCT and PNT IOP values were higher than GAT IOP measurements in ocular hypertension patients. GAT IOP showed a significant increase with increased corneal thickness. Increased OPA seems to correlate with increased CCT and IOP, particularly if GAT is used.

[Complications of uveitis: prevalence and risk factors in a series of 398 cases]. / Complicaciones de las uveítis: prevalencia y factores de riesgo en una serie de 398 casos.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the rate of complications and establish risk factors for their development in patients with uveitis. METHODS: Prospective study of a cohort of 398 patients (413 eyes) that were reviewed from January 2000 to October 2007 and monitored during a period of at least one month. Demographic data, laterality, course (acute, subacute, chronic), location, diagnosis (idiopathic, infectious, ocular origin, systemic origin, others) and development of complications (cataract, cystoid macular edema, macular complications, retinal complications and others) were evaluated. RESULTS: After a mean follow-up of 35.2 months (range 1-160), 25% of patients developed one or more of the following complications: cataract 8.5%, macular edema 6.1%, macular complications (epiretinal membranes, choroidal neovascular membranes, macular necrosis) 4.1%, retinal complications (retinal detachment, retinal neovascularization, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal tears, retinal vascular occlusions) 4.1%, glaucoma or ocular hypertension 3.6%, and others 1.5%. Risk factors for development of uveitis complications were chronic course OR 6.37 (3.25-12.47) P <0.0001, bilaterality OR 1.98 (1.03-3.08) P =0.039, subacute course OR 1.94 (0.02-4.08) P=0.08, and panuveitis OR 1,92 (0.99-4.80) P=0.161. CONCLUSIONS: In our patients, cases involving chronic and bilateral uveitis were more prone to develop complications, with cataracts being the most frequent complication (Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol 2009; 84: 523-528).

Complicaciones de las uveítis: prevalencia y factores de riesgo en una serie de 398 casos / Complications of uveitis: prevalence and risk factors in a serie of 398 cases

Objetivo: Estimar el porcentaje de complicacionesy establecer factores de riesgo para padecerlas enlos pacientes con uveítis.Método: Estudio prospectivo de cohortes de 398pacientes con seguimiento superior a 1 mes desdeEnero del 2000 hasta Octubre del 2007. Se evaluaronlos datos demográficos, lateralidad, curso (agudo,subagudo crónico), localización, diagnóstico(idiopática, infecciosa, de base ocular, de base sistémica,otras) y el desarrollo de complicaciones(catarata, edema macular quístico, complicacionesmaculares, complicaciones retinianas y otras).Resultados: Tras un seguimiento medio de 35,2meses (1-160), el 25% desarrollaron una o más delas siguientes complicaciones: catarata 8,5%, edemamacular 6,1%, complicaciones maculares(membrana epirretiniana, membrana neovascularcoroidea, necrosis macular) 4,1%, complicacionesretinianas (desprendimiento de retina, neovasosretinianos, hemovítreo, desgarros retinianos, oclusionesvasculares retinianas) 4,1%, glaucoma ohipertensión ocular 3,6% y otras 1,5%. Los factoresde riesgo para desarrollarlas fueron el curso crónicoOR 6,37 (3,25-12,47) P <0,0001, la bilateralidadOR 1,98 (1,03-3,08) P =0,039, el curso agudo recidivanteOR1,94 (0,02-4,08) P=0,08 y la panuveítisOR 1,92 (0,99-4,80) P=0,161.Conclusiones: En nuestros pacientes las uveítiscrónicas y las bilaterales son las que más riesgo tienende sufrir complicaciones de las que la catarataes la más frecuente(AU)

Objective: To estimate the rate of complicationsand establish risk factors for their development inpatients with uveitis.Methods: Prospective study of a cohort of 398patients (413 eyes) that were reviewed fromJanuary 2000 to October 2007 and monitoredduring a period of at least one month. Demographicdata, laterality, course (acute, subacute, chronic),location, diagnosis (idiopathic, infectious, ocularorigin, systemic origin, others) and development ofcomplications (cataract, cystoid macular edema,macular complications, retinal complications andothers) were evaluated.Results: After a mean follow-up of 35.2 months (range1-160), 25% of patients developed one or more ofthe following complications: cataract 8.5%, macularedema 6.1%, macular complications (epiretinal membranes,choroidal neovascular membranes, macularnecrosis) 4.1%, retinal complications (retinal detachment,retinal neovascularization, vitreous hemorrhage,retinal tears, retinal vascular occlusions) 4.1%,glaucoma or ocular hypertension 3.6%, and others1.5%. Risk factors for development of uveitis complicationswere chronic course OR 6.37 (3.25-12.47) P<0.0001, bilaterality OR 1.98 (1.03-3.08) P =0.039,subacute course OR 1.94 (0.02-4.08) P=0.08, andpanuveitis OR 1,92 (0.99-4.80) P=0.161. Conclusions: In our patients, cases involving chronicand bilateral uveitis were more prone to developcomplications, with cataracts being the most frequentcomplication(AU)