ABSTRACT
The present study was designed to examine whether coping style influences the impact of self-efficacy on stressor-strain relations. It was hypothesized that high self-efficacy would weaken stressor-strain relations when accompanied by frequent use of active coping and infrequent use of avoidance coping. Data collected from 2,293 members of the U.S. Army revealed 3-way interactions among self-efficacy, role clarity, and active coping and among self-efficacy, work overload, and avoidance coping. As predicted, self-efficacy mitigated the effects of low role clarity on strain only when active coping was high. Also as expected, strain levels were lower for participants with high self-efficacy than for participants with lower self-efficacy when work overload was low but avoidance coping was high. Implications of these findings for occupational stress research are discussed.
Subject(s)
Adaptation, Psychological , Self Efficacy , Stress, Psychological , Workload , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Interpersonal Relations , Male , Middle Aged , Occupational HealthABSTRACT
CL316243 is a highly selective and potent beta3-adrenergic receptor agonist, and has been shown in rodent models to be an effective agent for treating obesity and Type II diabetes. To improve the oral absorption and pharmacokinetic profiles of CL316243, a number of prodrugs have been synthesized and evaluated. Several ester-type prodrugs show significant improvements in oral bioavailability in both rodent and primate models.
Subject(s)
Adrenergic beta-Agonists/pharmacology , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Dioxoles/pharmacology , Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology , Obesity/drug therapy , Prodrugs/pharmacology , Adrenergic beta-Agonists/chemistry , Adrenergic beta-Agonists/metabolism , Animals , Biological Availability , Esters/chemistry , Esters/metabolism , Fatty Acids/blood , Half-Life , Haplorhini , Humans , Hydrolysis , Mice , Prodrugs/chemistry , Prodrugs/metabolism , RatsABSTRACT
Indium-111-labeled platelets and I-125 fibrinogen were administered to dogs with experimentally induced deep-vein thrombosis. The thrombus uptake of both labeled compounds was studied as a function of thrombus age. In thrombi less than 24 hr old, thrombus-to-blood ratios for In-111 platelets were about twice as great as those obtained for I-125 fibrinogen. Excellent scintiphotos were obtained with In-111 platelets. In thrombi older than 24 hr, uptake of both agents was low, but good images were still obtained with In-111 platelets. The images in this case are not of thrombi, but rather of damaged vessel wall. Indium-111-labeled platelets are superior to iodinated fibrinogen for imaging fresh thrombi, but offer no advantage for thrombi over 24 hr old.
Subject(s)
Blood Platelets , Fibrinogen , Indium , Iodine Radioisotopes , Thrombophlebitis/diagnostic imaging , Animals , Dogs , Isotope Labeling , Radioisotopes , Radionuclide Imaging , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Stasis thrombi, radiolabeled with Tc-99m sulfur colloid, were produced in six dogs by the injection of human thrombin into isolated jugular vein segments. After release of the thrombi, scintigraphic images demonstrated 16 pulmonary emboli containing Tc-99m. Autologous platelets labeled by the In-111 oxine method were injected. Sequential images demonstrated platelet accumulation in 14 of the 16 emboli within 1 hr. The emboli were recovered at autopsy and their activity assayed. The mean uptake of In-111-labeled platelets was 1.1% dose/g of embolus, and the mean embolus-to-blood ratio was 16. Our results demonstrate that fresh pulmonary emboli in dogs can be detected by imaging with In-111-labeled platelets, and suggest that radiolabeled platelets may provide a simple, noninvasive method for the direct visualization of pulmonary emboli in patients.
Subject(s)
Blood Platelets , Indium , Pulmonary Embolism/diagnosis , Radionuclide Imaging , Animals , Dogs , Female , RadioisotopesABSTRACT
The polyamines putrescine, spermine, and spermidine were methylated by the addition of carbon-11-labeled formaledehyde followed by sodium borohydride. High labeling yields wrbon-11-labeled formaldehyde followed by sodium borohydride. High labeling yields were obtained and the final products were purified by simply boiling the solution. This decomposed the excess sodium borohydride and removed the volatile impurities. The final radiochemical purity of all the methylated compounds was above 85%. All three methyltated compounds accumulated in the prostates of male rats and the distribution of N-methyl-1,4-diaminobutane (the putrescine analog) was very similar to that previously obtained with tritiated putrescine. The uptake of the putrescine analog in both the prostate and in mouse tumor was slightly higher than that obtained with the other two analogs studied. Utilizing a positron transaxial tomographic scanner and the putrescine analog, we have been able to image the prostate gland of a dog.