Bilateral acute suppurative parotitis due to Staphylococcus aureus: an hospital acquired case with fatal outcome.

During recent decades, acute bacterial parotitis has progressively changed its etiological and clinical spectrum. New risk factors and causative agents are emerging, while the associated rates of complications and mortality may remain still significant. A rare case of concurrent bilateral suppurative parotitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus has been observed in a patient hospitalized for prior abdominal surgery and multiple underlying illnesses. The disease had a complicated and ultimately fatal outcome, despite a timely diagnosis being made and a specific treatment started. A literature review dealing with risk factors, microbiology, clinical picture, complications, differential diagnosis, treatment and outcome of suppurative parotitis is presented.

Ultrasound follow-up of patients at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma: results of a prospective study on 360 cases.

OBJECTIVES: We performed a prospective study with ultrasound (US) follow-up on a population at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to evaluate the possibilities of diagnosis of HCC at an early stage. METHODS: We studied 360 patients; 254 of those patients had cirrhosis of the liver (of which 167 had HCV, 28 had HBV, 53 were alcoholic, and six had autoimmune disease), and the remaining 106 patients had chronic hepatitis. US scan was performed and alpha-fetoprotein was measured every 6 months. Mean duration of follow-up was 56 months (range 18-72). We compared the results of HCC detection with those of 2170 patients with cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis observed with US in the same period, outside the follow-up protocol. RESULTS: In 24 of the follow-up patients, hepatic lesions were detected with US and proved to be HCC with fine needle biopsy, with a cumulative incidence of 6.6% and an annual incidence of 1.4%. The HCC was unifocal in 18 patients, always with diameter < or = 3 cm (small HCC). All but one of the 24 patients who developed HCC had liver cirrhosis, and the remaining patient had HBV-correlated chronic hepatitis. In the group of 2170 patients without serial follow-up, the percentage of detected unifocal tumors with diameters < or = 3 cm was only 15.5%, compared with 75% in the patients with serial follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The US follow-up of a population at risk for HCC, consisting of patients with chronic liver diseases, made it possible to diagnose tumor < or = 3 cm in a high percentage of cases, with a statistically highly significant difference (chi 2, p = 0.000) compared with the patients not in the follow-up. Follow-up could increase the percentage of HCCs detected at a potentially curable stage. Cirrhosis is confirmed as being the main risk cause, regardless of etiology.

Gallbladder motility in cholesterol gallstone disease. Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid administration and gallstone dissolution.

Gallbladder motility was evaluated by ultrasonography in 75 cholesterol gallstone patients and in 77 matched control subjects. All 75 gallstone patients were candidates for oral bile acid therapy (radiolucent gallstones, less than 2 cm in diameter, in well-opacified gallbladder), and 38 of them were also studied during ursodeoxycholic acid administration. An additional 20 gallstone patients were studied 1 year after confirmed gallstone dissolution with oral bile acids. Gallstone patients showed significantly greater fasting and residual volumes, a decreased percent of gallbladder emptying, but a similar absolute emptying and emptying rate compared with the control subjects. Greater fasting volumes and reduced percents of gallbladder emptying were also found in gallstone-free patients who achieved complete dissolution with oral bile acids. After ursodeoxycholic acid administration, fasting gallbladder volumes were greater, and percents of gallbladder emptying were further decreased than in untreated gallstone patients. In conclusion, greater fasting volumes, and not reduced gallbladder contractility, account for the defective gallbladder function in radiolucent (cholesterol-rich) gallstone patients. This condition is likely to precede, and possibly to promote, gallstone formation because it persists after gallstone dissolution. Ursodeoxycholic acid administration worsens the defect observed in gallstone patients. This finding also suggests, although indirectly, that the expected normalization of cholesterol saturation during oral bile acid administration is not paralleled by an improvement in gallbladder function.

[Immune response in rabbits to tumoral tissue extracts of human colon]. / Respuesta inmune en conejos a extractos de tejido tumoral de colon humano.

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was purified after perchloric acid extraction of glycoprotein from human normal and tumoral colon. Antibodies against those extracts as well as purified CEA were raised in rabbits. Sera obtained from animals immunized with tumoral extract in protracted schemes showed disperse behavior on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) for proteins in the area with gamma, mobility which were markedly increased. In addition, a large increase of proteins with a mobility comparable to alpha 2 proteins was observed. The latter increase was not present in sera of rabbits immunized with normal colon extracts. Low titer antisera were obtained after immunization with either antigen as revealed by immunodiffusion. The relatively highest titers were seen against the glycoprotein fraction of tumor extracts which had previously been enriched by isoelectric focusing. Immunoelectrophoresis of tumor extracts against homologous antisera revealed bands with beta mobility due to the presence of CEA antibodies only in the sera of animals injected with tumor extracts. Antibody titers assayed by radioimmunoassay (RIA) revealed that the highest titers were obtained from tumor glycoprotein extracts was used as an immunogen. Measurements of CEA concentrations in serum of patients with low and high levels of CEA showed non significant differences by statistical analysis, when antisera obtained from different bleedings of the same animals were used. It is concluded that in order to establish a CEA RIA for clinical purposes it is necessary to purify up to the isoelectric focusing step the material to be labelled as tracer or used as standard. Antibody reagent may be obtained by immunizing schemes or protracted schemes using crude perchloric acid extracts of colon tumor.

Respuesta inmune en conejos a extractos de tejido tumoral de colon humano. / [Immune response in rabbits to tumoral tissue extracts of human colon]

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was purified after perchloric acid extraction of glycoprotein from human normal and tumoral colon. Antibodies against those extracts as well as purified CEA were raised in rabbits. Sera obtained from animals immunized with tumoral extract in protracted schemes showed disperse behavior on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) for proteins in the area with gamma, mobility which were markedly increased. In addition, a large increase of proteins with a mobility comparable to alpha 2 proteins was observed. The latter increase was not present in sera of rabbits immunized with normal colon extracts. Low titer antisera were obtained after immunization with either antigen as revealed by immunodiffusion. The relatively highest titers were seen against the glycoprotein fraction of tumor extracts which had previously been enriched by isoelectric focusing. Immunoelectrophoresis of tumor extracts against homologous antisera revealed bands with beta mobility due to the presence of CEA antibodies only in the sera of animals injected with tumor extracts. Antibody titers assayed by radioimmunoassay (RIA) revealed that the highest titers were obtained from tumor glycoprotein extracts was used as an immunogen. Measurements of CEA concentrations in serum of patients with low and high levels of CEA showed non significant differences by statistical analysis, when antisera obtained from different bleedings of the same animals were used. It is concluded that in order to establish a CEA RIA for clinical purposes it is necessary to purify up to the isoelectric focusing step the material to be labelled as tracer or used as standard. Antibody reagent may be obtained by immunizing schemes or protracted schemes using crude perchloric acid extracts of colon tumor.