ABSTRACT
Abstract Routine microbiological monitoring of rodent colonies in animal facilities is essential to evaluate the health status of the animals used in research studies. In the present study, animals were examined for the presence of selected microbial infections. In order to determine the contamination rates of mice and rats in Argentina, animals from 102 conventional facilities were monitored from 2012 to 2016. The most frequent bacteria isolated were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus spp. The common parasites identified were Syphacia spp. and Tritrichomonas spp. Serological assays demonstrated the highest prevalence for Mouse hepatitis virus in mice and Sialodacryoadenitis virus in rats. The results indicate that there is a high incidence of infections, so it is suggested that an efficient management system and effective sanitary barriers should be implemented in conventional facilities in Argentina in order to improve sanitary standards.
Resumen Los controles microbiológicos de rutina en colonias de roedores en bioterios son esenciales para evaluar el estado de salud de los animales que se utilizan en las investigaciones. En el presente estudio se examinaron animales de bioterios de Argentina con el objeto de detectar la presencia de infecciones microbianas seleccionadas. Con el fin de determinar los porcentajes de contaminaciones en estos individuos, se controlaron animales de 102 bioterios convencionales entre 2012 y 2016. Las bacterias más frecuentes aisladas fueron Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Proteus spp. Los parásitos comunes identificados fueron Syphacia spp. y Tritrichomonas spp. Los ensayos serológicos demostraron la mayor prevalencia del virus de hepatitis del ratón en ratones y del virus de la Syalodacryoadenitis en ratas. Los resultados indican que hay una alta incidencia de infecciones, por lo que se sugiere que se debe implementar un sistema de gestión eficiente y barreras sanitarias eficaces en instalaciones convencionales en Argentina con el objeto de mejorar los estándares sanitarios.
ABSTRACT
Routine microbiological monitoring of rodent colonies in animal facilities is essential to evaluate the health status of the animals used in research studies. In the present study, animals were examined for the presence of selected microbial infections. In order to determine the contamination rates of mice and rats in Argentina, animals from 102 conventional facilities were monitored from 2012 to 2016. The most frequent bacteria isolated were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus spp. The common parasites identified were Syphacia spp. and Tritrichomonas spp. Serological assays demonstrated the highest prevalence for Mouse hepatitis virus in mice and Sialodacryoadenitis virus in rats. The results indicate that there is a high incidence of infections, so it is suggested that an efficient management system and effective sanitary barriers should be implemented in conventional facilities in Argentina in order to improve sanitary standards.
Subject(s)
Animal Diseases/microbiology , Animal Diseases/parasitology , Animals, Laboratory/microbiology , Animals, Laboratory/parasitology , Animal Diseases/epidemiology , Animals , Argentina , Bacterial Infections/epidemiology , Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Bacterial Infections/veterinary , Female , Incidence , Male , Mice , Parasitic Diseases/epidemiology , Parasitic Diseases/parasitology , Rats , Virus Diseases/epidemiology , Virus Diseases/veterinary , Virus Diseases/virologyABSTRACT
Bordetella pertussis is the etiologic agent of whooping cough, an illness whose incidence has been increasing over the last decades. Pertussis reemergence despite high vaccination coverage, together with the recent isolation of circulating strains deficient in some of the vaccine antigens, highlight the need for new vaccines. Proteins induced under physiological conditions, such as those required for nutrient acquisition during infection, might represent good targets for better preventive strategies. By mean of serological proteome analysis we identified two novel antigens of B. pertussis potentially involved in iron acquisition during host colonization. We had previously demonstrated that one of them, designated IRP1-3, is protective against pertussis infection in mice. In the present study, we show that the other antigen, named AfuA (BP1605), is a highly antigenic protein, exposed on the bacterial surface, conserved among clinical isolates and expressed during infection. Immunization of mice with the recombinant AfuA induced opsonophagocytic antibodies which could explain the protection against B. pertussis infection conferred by mice immunization with rAfuA. Importantly, we found that the addition of rAfuA and rIRP1-3 proteins to the commercial three pertussis components acellular vaccine significantly increased its protective activity. Taken together, our results point at these two antigens as potential components of a new generation of acellular vaccines.
Subject(s)
Antigens, Bacterial/immunology , Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/immunology , Bordetella pertussis/immunology , Iron Regulatory Protein 1/immunology , Pertussis Vaccine/immunology , Whooping Cough/immunology , Animals , Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Cells, Cultured , Female , Humans , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Neutrophils , Opsonin Proteins/immunology , Pertussis Vaccine/chemistry , Vaccination , Whooping Cough/microbiology , Whooping Cough/prevention & controlABSTRACT
The technique of human tumor cell line transplantation in immunodeficient mice is used worldwide as a model for cancer research. In accordance with international recommendations, animals used in biomedical research should be free of microorganisms which can interfere in experimental results; including Pasteurella pneumotropica. The object of this study was to evaluate the interference produced by P. pneumotropica in the human adenocarcinoma cell line A549 transplanted in N:NIH(S)-nu mice. A total of 40 mice divided into 4 groups of 10 animals each was used to perform this study. Group 1: inoculated with the cell line; group 2, with the bacteria; group 3, with the cell line and the bacteria; group 4, as control with no inoculations. Significant differences were observed in tumor growth in groups 1 and 3, infected and not infected with P. pneumotropica. Although this microorganism is non lethal and only opportunistic, the infected animals are to be considered not suitable to be transplanted with the tumor cell line A549 for experimental studies since these bacteria interfere with tumor growth. However, the fact that a growing tumor regresses in the presence of the bacteria is an interesting observation which deserves further exploration in order to elucidate the mechanism involved.
Subject(s)
Cell Proliferation , Neoplasms, Experimental/microbiology , Pasteurella pneumotropica/physiology , Adenocarcinoma , Animals , Cell Line, Tumor , Female , Humans , Mice , Mice, Nude , Neoplasm Regression, Spontaneous , Neoplasm Transplantation , Neoplasms, Experimental/immunologyABSTRACT
La técnica de trasplante de tumores humanos en ratones inmunodeficientes es muy utilizada como modelo en investigaciones sobre el cáncer. De acuerdo con las recomendaciones internacionales, los animales de experimentación deben estar libres de los micoorganismos que interfieren en los resultados finales de las investigaciones, dentro de los cuales se encuentra Pasteurella pneumotropica. En el presente trabajo se evaluó la interferencia que produce esta bacteria en el crecimiento de la línea celular A549 de adenocarcinoma humano trasplantada en ratones de la cepa nude N:NIH (S)-nu. Se utilizaron 40 ratones divididos en 4 grupos de 10 animales cada uno. Grupo 1: inoculados con la línea celular; grupo 2, con la bacteria; grupo 3, con la línea celular y la bacteria y grupo 4, el control sin inoculaciones. Se observaron diferencias significativas en el crecimiento tumoral entre los animales de los grupos 1 y 3. Si bien este microorganismo es un patógeno oportunista no letal, los ratones trasplantados con la línea celular A549 e infectados con P. pneumotropica no son aptos para utilizarse como modelo animal en estudios sobre el cáncer debido a que esta bacteria interfiere en el desarrollo de la línea tumoral, con la consecuente interpretación errónea de los resultados. Pero el hecho que la bacteria haya causado la regresión de un tumor en pleno crecimiento es inesperado y el mecanismo de acción será objeto de futuros experimentos.
The technique of human tumor cell line transplantation in immunodeficient miceis used worldwide as a model for cancer research. In accordance with international recommendations, animals used in biomedical research should be free of microorganisms which can interfere in experimental results; including Pasteurella pneumotropica. The object of this study was to evaluate the interference produced by P. pneumotropica in the human adenocarcinoma cell line A549 transplanted in N:NIH(S)-nu mice. A total of 40 mice divided into 4 groups of 10 animals each was used to perform this study. Group 1: inoculated with the cell line; group 2, with the bacteria; group 3, with the cell line and the bacteria; group 4, as control with no inoculations. Significant differences were observed in tumor growth in groups 1 and 3, infected and not infected with P. pneumotropica. Although this microorganism is non lethal and only opportunistic, the infected animals are to be considered not suitable to be transplanted with the tumor cell line A549 for experimental studies since these bacteria interfere with tumor growth. However, the fact that a growing tumor regresses in the presence of the bacteria is an interesting bservation which deserves further exploration in order to elucidate the mechanism involved.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Female , Mice , Cell Proliferation , Neoplasms, Experimental/microbiology , Pasteurella pneumotropica/physiology , Tissue Transplantation , Adenocarcinoma , Cell Line, Tumor , Disease Models, Animal , Mice, Nude , Neoplasm Transplantation , Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology , Pasteurella Infections/prevention & control , Transplantation, HomologousABSTRACT
La técnica de trasplante de tumores humanos en ratones inmunodeficientes es muy utilizada como modelo en investigaciones sobre el cáncer. De acuerdo con las recomendaciones internacionales, los animales de experimentación deben estar libres de los micoorganismos que interfieren en los resultados finales de las investigaciones, dentro de los cuales se encuentra Pasteurella pneumotropica. En el presente trabajo se evaluó la interferencia que produce esta bacteria en el crecimiento de la línea celular A549 de adenocarcinoma humano trasplantada en ratones de la cepa nude N:NIH (S)-nu. Se utilizaron 40 ratones divididos en 4 grupos de 10 animales cada uno. Grupo 1: inoculados con la línea celular; grupo 2, con la bacteria; grupo 3, con la línea celular y la bacteria y grupo 4, el control sin inoculaciones. Se observaron diferencias significativas en el crecimiento tumoral entre los animales de los grupos 1 y 3. Si bien este microorganismo es un patógeno oportunista no letal, los ratones trasplantados con la línea celular A549 e infectados con P. pneumotropica no son aptos para utilizarse como modelo animal en estudios sobre el cáncer debido a que esta bacteria interfiere en el desarrollo de la línea tumoral, con la consecuente interpretación errónea de los resultados. Pero el hecho que la bacteria haya causado la regresión de un tumor en pleno crecimiento es inesperado y el mecanismo de acción será objeto de futuros experimentos.(AU)
The technique of human tumor cell line transplantation in immunodeficient miceis used worldwide as a model for cancer research. In accordance with international recommendations, animals used in biomedical research should be free of microorganisms which can interfere in experimental results; including Pasteurella pneumotropica. The object of this study was to evaluate the interference produced by P. pneumotropica in the human adenocarcinoma cell line A549 transplanted in N:NIH(S)-nu mice. A total of 40 mice divided into 4 groups of 10 animals each was used to perform this study. Group 1: inoculated with the cell line; group 2, with the bacteria; group 3, with the cell line and the bacteria; group 4, as control with no inoculations. Significant differences were observed in tumor growth in groups 1 and 3, infected and not infected with P. pneumotropica. Although this microorganism is non lethal and only opportunistic, the infected animals are to be considered not suitable to be transplanted with the tumor cell line A549 for experimental studies since these bacteria interfere with tumor growth. However, the fact that a growing tumor regresses in the presence of the bacteria is an interesting bservation which deserves further exploration in order to elucidate the mechanism involved.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Female , Mice , Cell Proliferation , Tissue Transplantation , Neoplasms, Experimental/microbiology , Pasteurella pneumotropica/physiology , Adenocarcinoma , Cell Line, Tumor , Disease Models, Animal , Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology , Mice, Nude , Neoplasm Transplantation , Pasteurella Infections/prevention & control , Transplantation, HomologousABSTRACT
La técnica de trasplante de tumores humanos en ratones inmunodeficientes es muy utilizada como modelo en investigaciones sobre el cáncer. De acuerdo con las recomendaciones internacionales, los animales de experimentación deben estar libres de los micoorganismos que interfieren en los resultados finales de las investigaciones, dentro de los cuales se encuentra Pasteurella pneumotropica. En el presente trabajo se evaluó la interferencia que produce esta bacteria en el crecimiento de la línea celular A549 de adenocarcinoma humano trasplantada en ratones de la cepa nude N:NIH (S)-nu. Se utilizaron 40 ratones divididos en 4 grupos de 10 animales cada uno. Grupo 1: inoculados con la línea celular; grupo 2, con la bacteria; grupo 3, con la línea celular y la bacteria y grupo 4, el control sin inoculaciones. Se observaron diferencias significativas en el crecimiento tumoral entre los animales de los grupos 1 y 3. Si bien este microorganismo es un patógeno oportunista no letal, los ratones trasplantados con la línea celular A549 e infectados con P. pneumotropica no son aptos para utilizarse como modelo animal en estudios sobre el cáncer debido a que esta bacteria interfiere en el desarrollo de la línea tumoral, con la consecuente interpretación errónea de los resultados. Pero el hecho que la bacteria haya causado la regresión de un tumor en pleno crecimiento es inesperado y el mecanismo de acción será objeto de futuros experimentos.(AU)
The technique of human tumor cell line transplantation in immunodeficient miceis used worldwide as a model for cancer research. In accordance with international recommendations, animals used in biomedical research should be free of microorganisms which can interfere in experimental results; including Pasteurella pneumotropica. The object of this study was to evaluate the interference produced by P. pneumotropica in the human adenocarcinoma cell line A549 transplanted in N:NIH(S)-nu mice. A total of 40 mice divided into 4 groups of 10 animals each was used to perform this study. Group 1: inoculated with the cell line; group 2, with the bacteria; group 3, with the cell line and the bacteria; group 4, as control with no inoculations. Significant differences were observed in tumor growth in groups 1 and 3, infected and not infected with P. pneumotropica. Although this microorganism is non lethal and only opportunistic, the infected animals are to be considered not suitable to be transplanted with the tumor cell line A549 for experimental studies since these bacteria interfere with tumor growth. However, the fact that a growing tumor regresses in the presence of the bacteria is an interesting bservation which deserves further exploration in order to elucidate the mechanism involved.(AU)
