ABSTRACT
In this report, the effect of ligation of a number of B-cell surface molecules upon expression of CD25, the 55-kDa inducible component of the IL-2 receptor complex found on T and B lymphocytes, is reported. IL-4 is the only cytokine apparently capable of promoting CD25 expression in human high-density quiescent tonsillar B cells; neither IL-10 nor IL-13 could induce CD25 expression. Cross-linking of the antigen receptors or CD40 with antibody elicited CD25 expression in a dose-dependent manner. Stimulation with anti-CD40 promoted CD25 expression in approximately 25% of B cells, while anti-Ig caused 80% or more of cells to become CD25+. In experiments where the stimuli were used in combination, some additive effects upon CD25 expression were noted, but no obvious synergistic effects could be detected.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/pharmacology , Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology , Antigens, CD/immunology , Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/immunology , B-Lymphocytes/immunology , Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects , Palatine Tonsil/cytology , Receptors, Interleukin-2/biosynthesis , Antigens, CD/physiology , Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/physiology , B-Lymphocytes/drug effects , CD40 Antigens , Cells, Cultured , Humans , Interleukin-4/pharmacology , Receptors, Interleukin-2/genetics , Recombinant Proteins/pharmacologyABSTRACT
A randomised, double-blind study of 100 patients admitted for daycase arthroscopy was undertaken. Fifty patients received alfentanil 500 micrograms and midazolam 5 mg, and 50 received alfentanil 500 micrograms alone, in each case 2 minutes before induction of anaesthesia with methohexitone. Anaesthesia was maintained in both groups with nitrous oxide, oxygen and enflurane. Recovery was assessed quantitatively by measuring time to when they awoke and by a comparison of pre- and postoperative performance of p-deletion and postbox tests. Qualitative assessment of recovery and of postoperative pain was also undertaken. Patients completed a questionnaire to record the incidence of any anaesthetic-related symptoms on the first and second postoperative days. Patients who received midazolam required a reduced dose of methohexitone but their initial recovery time was prolonged significantly. The incidences of anaesthetic-related side effects and postoperative pain were similar in the two groups and while the questionnaires did not reveal any statistically significant differences in symptoms on the first 2 postoperative days, the results indicated that patients who received a larger induction dose of methohexitone were subjectively drowsier on the first day after operation.
Subject(s)
Ambulatory Surgical Procedures , Arthroscopy , Preanesthetic Medication , Adolescent , Adult , Alfentanil , Anesthesia Recovery Period , Anesthesia, General , Double-Blind Method , Female , Fentanyl/analogs & derivatives , Humans , Knee Joint/surgery , Male , Methohexital , Midazolam , Middle Aged , Pain, Postoperative/epidemiology , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Random AllocationABSTRACT
Inhalation anaesthesia with enflurane was compared with i.v. fentanyl for outpatient termination of pregnancy. Blood loss was greater in the enflurane group with a geometric mean loss of 73.0 ml compared with 43.9 ml in the fentanyl group. There was a greater frequency of nausea nd vomiting in the fentanyl group and no reduction in abdominal pain or need for analgesia after operation. A close relationship was found between blood loss and duration of the procedure but not between blood loss and gestational age or gestational age and anaesthetic time. Either technique is satisfactory for outpatient termination of pregnancy in unpremedicated patients. Despite the greater blood losses with enflurane, it is a safe and reliable method of anaesthesia for this procedure, but the concentration and duration of administration should be kept to a minimum.
