[The programs of additional legal education as necessary element of system of training of students of medical university].

The actual trends in training of health care professionals set before medical university task of actualization and diversification of training programs targeted to formation both professional and universal competencies to contribute to variable combination of different skills and habits in implementation of medical activities. The increasing needs of labor market in specialists capable to meet actual realities and associated with transformational transition from narrow specialization to different specific skills, inevitably results into increasing of importance for additional education programs as an element of continuing The following key features of various proposals for additional professional education programs were singled out. The major task of forming proposal of additional programs is seen by university through prism of possible increasing of income. And main contingent of students is formed by specialists improve their qualifications. The specificity of medical university is specialists training to implement medical practice. In this regard, additional law training programs are targeted to exclusively at persons mastering basic educational program for the first time. The competencies implemented are focused at extending and specifying training considering legal maintenance or new trends. Besides, applying value-based approach to formation of educational trajectory of student, university translates primary importance of autonomy of will of student choosing additional educational programs. Thus, learning program of additional education is carried out using basic training in law and considering necessary and sufficient factual component that meets the needs of modern labor market, permitting strengthen and expand available competencies for future professional activity of medical worker. The article analyzed results of studies of pedagogues and psychologists, specialists of philosophical direction, professional lecturers, and sociological studies. The methods applied were analysis and synthesis, formalization, generalization, document analysis. The main methods of data analysis were substantive (hermeneutical) analysis and discourse analysis.

[The procedural aspects of postmortem defense of non-material goods of patient].

The protection of privacy of patient that is applying for medical care, diagnostics and treatment is one of the main pillars of implementation of medical activities. However, despite sufficient volume of legal regulation of lifetime respect of privacy of examination, observation and facts of medical intervention, in practice occur situations when privacy ceases to be such after death of the patient. The article is based on results of content-analysis of normative legal acts (n = 11), scientific publications (n = 52), cases of judicial practice (n = 8). The problem of non-observance of privacy becomes especially actual after death of person whose name is widely known. Having no possibility to impact on causes and modes of obtaining and propagating such specific information, the deceased, one's illness, stages of treatment, struggle for life, resources spent, clinics and specialists involved become object of close attention of various subjects (mas media, Internet communities) that use obtained information for speculative purposes at the expense of fixation of inhumane public replicas and increase of number of browsing. Despite prohibition provided for by law of dissemination of information constituting privacy of applying for medical care, after death of patient and application of measures of legal liability for fact of such a disclosure, information leak occurs regularly and information that got into common access frequently discredit good name of the deceased or develop other problems that are subjects to legal protection, for family members and legal successors. Yet, circumstances of transfer of information of limited access by medical organization (data leakage) or by intent of medical worker are difficult to be proved. Therefore, in judicial practice there are practically no such cases. At that, after death of famous people, juristic community regularly faces problems of protecting personal rights and non-material values from the side of relatives, legal successors and other interested persons. On the basis of formal logical method and system analysis method of disputable situations, possible perspectives of applying for judicial protection, procedural characteristics of procedure of applying for protection and possible composition of participants are presented.

[The analysis of problems of supporting long-term nursing of individuals who lost their ability to self-care in Russia].

The article considers the issues of social assistance of long-term care of individuals who lost ability to self-care. The comparative analysis of established practices of social assistance of long-term care, of legal and financial support of family members implementing such a care in Russia and European countries is presented. The study was carried out using comparative jurisprudence methodology. The analysis of legislative acts of the European countries revealed possibility of including particular legal provisions concerning financing of long-term care and implementing contractual forms of regulation of employment of family members providing such care, in the Russian social welfare system. The study demonstrated inadequate efficiency of the Russian systems of legal protection and social assistance both individuals seeking long-term care and individuals implementing it, as compared with similar systems in the European countries. To improve these systems, it is necessary to recognize legislatively the care of relative who lost the ability of self-serve as labor function liable to payment based on minimum wage rate. To fix legislatively retention of workplace for caregiver for entire period of caring and/or grant him unpaid vacation for long period. It is necessary to adjust both amount of benefits for care of family member who lost ability to self-care and procedure of calculation of amount of pension benefit of caregiver. The study results can contribute to widening scientific and practical professional discussion in the field of public health, health care organization and social work concerning problems of optimization of means and modes of supporting long-term care of persons who lost ability to self-care. The study results can serve as ground for making amendments to national legislation to harmonize legal support of social welfare system and to improve protection of rights of family members caring relative who lost ability to self-care in conditions of forced loss of income.

[The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on attitude of internet-space surfers to professional activity of physician].

The content-analysis was applied to messages (created in April-May of 2018, 2020, 2021 and 2022) from Internet. The drastic increase of interest of audience to issue of medical care support and professional activity of physicians during period of increasing of morbidity of COVID-19 was established. The changing of basic sites for placement of content notably augmentation of mass media role was noticed. The increase of interest to research issue in audiences older than 60 years and in individuals with secondary special education was established. Furthermore, positive alteration of tonality of messages was noted. In 2018, on one positive message fell two negative messages. Starting from 2020, positive messages prevail over negative messages: 2020 - in two times, 2021 - 2.1 times, 2022 - 4.6 times. In absolute values, the number of messages of positive tonality increased up to 9.8 times in 2022 as compared to 2018. Starting from 2020, in the word cloud appeared words "gratitude" and "thank you".

[The transition to remote education format in medical university: opinion of students about transformation of education process at the outset of COVID-19 pandemic].

The COVID-19 pandemic came out as an imperative of large-scale transformations in higher education system, including higher medical school. At that, introduction of self-isolation regime in the spring 2020 highlighted the task of organizing education in remote format with maintaining education quality. The article presents results of sociological survey with purpose of studying perception of students of medical university of transition to remote learning format at the COVID-19 pandemic outset. The majority of respondents perceived remote learning format as an emergency measure to maintain continuity of education process, that, however, cannot completely replace full-time practice-oriented teaching "at the bedside of the patient". Understanding the special tasks of training medical specialist required new solutions from higher school and additional efforts from all subjects of educational process - restructuring organizational infrastructure ensuring communication of teaching staff and students, solving organizational problems of access to educational content, adapting to practice of digital medical education, expanding use of AR, VR, mixed reality and simulation learning technologies. The students, highly assessing quality of digital content, noted difficulties of self-organization in "home" format due to a lot of distracting factors (family, domestic life, etc.) that had key impact on motivation of their learning activities. Nevertheless, among respondents of medical university, a number of students formed subgroup that considering personal experience of remote learning assumed that this format is actual and effective and allows one to fully master university curriculum. The transition to remote learning format in university as emergency measure during pandemic, will obviously be consolidated as an invariant standard of organizing educational process.

Epiphytic microorganisms degrading aromatic hydrocarbons from the phyllosphere of urban woody plants.

From the leaves of three urban trees (Tilia sp., Acer sp., and Fraxinus sp.), 180 strains degrading phenanthrene, naphthalene, and salicylate were isolated by direct plating and enrichment cultures. The leaves of each tree species were characterized by a specific profile of aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading microflora. Members of the type Actinobacteria were predominant in the case of direct plating on media with phenanthrene and naphthalene. Enrichment cultures with phenanthrene and salicylate were shown to yield microbial consortia, the composition of which changed with time. Members of the type Proteobacteria were predominant in these consortia. No plasmids of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation of the P-7 and P-9 incompatibility groups were revealed in the studied strains.

Dioxygenases of Chlorobiphenyl-Degrading Species Rhodococcus wratislaviensis G10 and Chlorophenol-Degrading Species Rhodococcus opacus 1CP Induced in Benzoate-Grown Cells and Genes Potentially Involved in These Processes.

Dioxygenases induced during benzoate degradation by the actinobacterium Rhodococcus wratislaviensis G10 strain degrading haloaromatic compounds were studied. Rhodococcus wratislaviensis G10 completely degraded 2 g/liter benzoate during 30 h and 10 g/liter during 200 h. Washed cells grown on benzoate retained respiration activity for more than 90 days, and a high activity of benzoate dioxygenase was recorded for 10 days. Compared to the enzyme activities with benzoate, the activity of benzoate dioxygenases was 10-30% with 13 of 35 substituted benzoate analogs. Two dioxygenases capable of cleaving the aromatic ring were isolated and characterized: protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase and catechol 1,2-dioxygenase. Catechol inhibited the activity of protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase. Protocatechuate did not affect the activity of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase. A high degree of identity was shown by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for protein peaks of the R. wratislaviensis G10 and Rhodococcus opacus 1CP cells grown on benzoate or LB. DNA from the R. wratislaviensis G10 strain was specifically amplified using specific primers to variable regions of genes coding α- and ß-subunits of protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase and to two genes of the R. opacus 1CP coding catechol 1,2-dioxygenase. The products were 99% identical with the corresponding regions of the R. opacus 1CP genes. This high identity (99%) between the genes coding degradation of aromatic compounds in the R. wratislaviensis G10 and R. opacus 1CP strains isolated from sites of remote location (1400 km) and at different time (20-year difference) indicates a common origin of biodegradation genes of these strains and a wide distribution of these genes among rhodococci.

Thalassospira permensis sp. nov., a new terrestrial halotolerant bacterium isolated from a naphthalene-utilizing microbial consortium.

A halotolerant bacterium, strain SMB34T, was isolated from a naphthalene-utilizing bacterial consortium obtained from primitive technogeneous soil (Vrkhnekamsk salt deposit, Perm region, Russia) by enrichment procedure. The strain itself was unable to degrade naphthalene and grew at NaCl concentrations up to 11% (w/v). The 16S rRNA-based phylogenetic analysis showed that the strain belongs to the genus Thalassospira. The DNA-DNA hybridization values between SMB34T and the type strains of phylogenetically closest species (T. xiamenensis, T. profundimaris and T. tepidiphila) did not exceed 50%. The novel strain could be distinguished from the above species by the cell motility, MALDI/TOF mass spectra of whole cells and a range of physiological and biochemical characteristics. SMB34T also considerably differs from the recently described species T. xianhensis, with the most striking differences in the DNA G + C content (53.7 +/- 1.0 vs. 61.2 +/- 1.0 mol.%) and predominant ubiquinones (Q-10 vs. Q-9). The data obtained suggest strain SMB34T (=VKM B-2527T = NBRC 106175T), designated as the type strain, represents a novel species, named Thalassospira permensis sp. nov.

Inhibitory effect of angiostatins on activity of the plasminogen/plasminogen activator system.

Angiostatins, kringle-containing fragments of plasminogen, are potent inhibitors of angiogenesis. Effects of three angiostatin forms, K1-3, K1-4, and K1-4.5 (0-2 microM), on the rate of native Glu-plasminogen activation by its physiological activators in the absence or presence of soluble fibrin were investigated in vitro. Angiostatins did not affect the intrinsic amidolytic activities of plasmin and plasminogen activators of tissue type (tPA) and urokinase type (single-chain scuPA and two-chain tcuPA), but inhibited conversion of plasminogen to plasmin in a dose-dependent manner. All three angiostatins suppressed Glu-plasminogen activation by tcuPA independently of the presence of fibrin, and the inhibitory effect increased in the order: K1-3 < K1-4 < K1-4.5. The inhibitory effects of angiostatins on the scuPA activator activity were lower and further decreased in the presence of fibrin. Angiostatin K1-3 (up to 2 microM) had no effect, while 2 microM angiostatins K1-4 and K1-4.5 inhibited the fibrin-stimulated Glu-plasminogen activation by tPA by 50 and 100%, respectively. The difference in effects of the three angiostatins on the Glu-plasminogen activation by scuPA, tcuPA, and tPA in the absence or presence of fibrin is due to the differences in angiostatin structures, mechanisms of action, and fibrin-specificity of plasminogen activators, as well as due to the influence of fibrin on the Glu-plasminogen conformation. Angiostatins in vivo, which mimic plasminogen-binding activity, can inhibit plasminogen activation stimulated by various proteins (including fibrin) of extracellular matrix, thereby blocking cell migration and angiogenesis. The data of this work indicate that the inhibition of Glu-plasminogen activation under the action of physiological plasminogen activators by angiostatins can be implicated in the complex mechanism of their antiangiogenic and antitumor action.