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1.
Exp Physiol ; 109(6): 966-979, 2024 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38594909

ABSTRACT

The acute exudative phase of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a severe form of respiratory failure, is characterized by alveolar damage, pulmonary oedema, and an exacerbated inflammatory response. There is no effective treatment for this condition, but based on the major contribution of inflammation, anti-inflammatory strategies have been evaluated in animal models and clinical trials, with conflicting results. In COVID-19 ARDS patients, interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6 receptor antagonists (IL-1Ra and IL-6Ra, kineret and tocilizumab, respectively) have shown some efficacy. Moreover, we have previously developed novel peptides modulating IL-1R and IL-6R activity (rytvela and HSJ633, respectively) while preserving immune vigilance and cytoprotective pathways. We aimed to assess the efficacy of these novel IL-1Ra and IL-6Ra, compared to commercially available drugs (kineret, tocilizumab) during the exudative phase (day 7) of bleomycin-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. Our results first showed that none of the IL-1Ra and IL-6Ra compounds attenuated bleomycin-induced weight loss and venous P C O 2 ${P_{{\mathrm{C}}{{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{2}}}}}$ increase. Histological analyses and lung water content measurements also showed that these drugs did not improve lung injury scores or pulmonary oedema, after the bleomycin challenge. Finally, IL-1Ra and IL-6Ra failed to alleviate the inflammatory status of the mice, as indicated by cytokine levels and alveolar neutrophil infiltration. Altogether, these results indicate a lack of beneficial effects of IL-1R and IL-6R antagonists on key parameters of ALI in the bleomycin mouse model.


Subject(s)
Acute Lung Injury , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized , Disease Models, Animal , Receptors, Interleukin-6 , Animals , Acute Lung Injury/drug therapy , Acute Lung Injury/metabolism , Mice , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use , Receptors, Interleukin-6/antagonists & inhibitors , Receptors, Interleukin-6/metabolism , Male , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein/pharmacology , Bleomycin , Lung/metabolism , Lung/drug effects
2.
Front Physiol ; 15: 1345488, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38444763

ABSTRACT

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by an exacerbated inflammatory response, severe damage to the alveolar-capillary barrier and a secondary infiltration of protein-rich fluid into the airspaces, ultimately leading to respiratory failure. Resolution of ARDS depends on the ability of the alveolar epithelium to reabsorb lung fluid through active transepithelial ion transport, to control the inflammatory response, and to restore a cohesive and functional epithelium through effective repair processes. Interestingly, several lines of evidence have demonstrated the important role of potassium (K+) channels in the regulation of epithelial repair processes. Furthermore, these channels have previously been shown to be involved in sodium/fluid absorption across alveolar epithelial cells, and we have recently demonstrated the contribution of KvLQT1 channels to the resolution of thiourea-induced pulmonary edema in vivo. The aim of our study was to investigate the role of the KCNQ1 pore-forming subunit of KvLQT1 channels in the outcome of ARDS parameters in a model of acute lung injury (ALI). We used a molecular approach with KvLQT1-KO mice challenged with bleomycin, a well-established ALI model that mimics the key features of the exudative phase of ARDS on day 7. Our data showed that KvLQT1 deletion exacerbated the negative outcome of bleomycin on lung function (resistance, elastance and compliance). An alteration in the profile of infiltrating immune cells was also observed in KvLQT1-KO mice while histological analysis showed less interstitial and/or alveolar inflammatory response induced by bleomycin in KvLQT1-KO mice. Finally, a reduced repair rate of KvLQT1-KO alveolar cells after injury was observed. This work highlights the complex contribution of KvLQT1 in the development and resolution of ARDS parameters in a model of ALI.

3.
Front Physiol ; 13: 1069466, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36699692

ABSTRACT

Alveolar ion and fluid absorption is essential for lung homeostasis in healthy conditions as well as for the resorption of lung edema, a key feature of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Liquid absorption is driven by active transepithelial sodium transport, through apical ENaC Na+ channels and basolateral Na+/K+-ATPase. Our previous work unveiled that KvLQT1 K+ channels also participate in the control of Na+/liquid absorption in alveolar epithelial cells. Our aim was to further investigate the function of KvLQT1 channels and their interplay with other channels/transporters involved in ion/liquid transport in vivo using adult wild-type (WT) and KvLQT1 knock-out (KO) mice under physiological conditions and after thiourea-induced lung edema. A slight but significant increase in water lung content (WLC) was observed in naïve KvLQT1-KO mice, relative to WT littermates, whereas lung function was generally preserved and histological structure unaltered. Following thiourea-induced lung edema, KvLQT1-KO did not worsen WLC or lung function. Similarly, lung edema was not aggravated by the administration of a KvLQT1 inhibitor (chromanol). However, KvLQT1 activation (R-L3) significantly reduced WLC in thiourea-challenged WT mice. The benefits of R-L3 were prevented in KO or chromanol-treated WT mice. Furthermore, R-L3 treatment had no effect on thiourea-induced endothelial barrier alteration but restored or enhanced the levels of epithelial alveolar AQP5, Na+/K+-ATPase, and ENaC expressions. Altogether, the results indicate the benefits of KvLQT1 activation in the resolution of lung edema, probably through the observed up-regulation of epithelial alveolar channels/transporters involved in ion/water transport.

4.
J Biol Chem ; 297(4): 101151, 2021 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34478710

ABSTRACT

The seasonal nature of outbreaks of respiratory viral infections with increased transmission during low temperatures has been well established. Accordingly, temperature has been suggested to play a role on the viability and transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the Spike glycoprotein is known to bind to its host receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to initiate viral fusion. Using biochemical, biophysical, and functional assays to dissect the effect of temperature on the receptor-Spike interaction, we observed a significant and stepwise increase in RBD-ACE2 affinity at low temperatures, resulting in slower dissociation kinetics. This translated into enhanced interaction of the full Spike glycoprotein with the ACE2 receptor and higher viral attachment at low temperatures. Interestingly, the RBD N501Y mutation, present in emerging variants of concern (VOCs) that are fueling the pandemic worldwide (including the B.1.1.7 (α) lineage), bypassed this requirement. This data suggests that the acquisition of N501Y reflects an adaptation to warmer climates, a hypothesis that remains to be tested.


Subject(s)
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism , SARS-CoV-2/metabolism , Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/chemistry , COVID-19/pathology , COVID-19/virology , Calorimetry , Humans , Interferometry , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Protein Binding , Protein Structure, Quaternary , SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification , Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry , Temperature , Thermodynamics
5.
bioRxiv ; 2021 Jul 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34268505

ABSTRACT

The seasonal nature in the outbreaks of respiratory viral infections with increased transmission during low temperatures has been well established. The current COVID-19 pandemic makes no exception, and temperature has been suggested to play a role on the viability and transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2. The receptor binding domain (RBD) of the Spike glycoprotein binds to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to initiate viral fusion. Studying the effect of temperature on the receptor-Spike interaction, we observed a significant and stepwise increase in RBD-ACE2 affinity at low temperatures, resulting in slower dissociation kinetics. This translated into enhanced interaction of the full Spike to ACE2 receptor and higher viral attachment at low temperatures. Interestingly, the RBD N501Y mutation, present in emerging variants of concern (VOCs) that are fueling the pandemic worldwide, bypassed this requirement. This data suggests that the acquisition of N501Y reflects an adaptation to warmer climates, a hypothesis that remains to be tested.

6.
Viruses ; 14(1)2021 12 21.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35062211

ABSTRACT

Different serological assays were rapidly generated to study humoral responses against the SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoprotein. Due to the intrinsic difficulty of working with SARS-CoV-2 authentic virus, most serological assays use recombinant forms of the Spike glycoprotein or its receptor binding domain (RBD). Cell-based assays expressing different forms of the Spike, as well as pseudoviral assays, are also widely used. To evaluate whether these assays recapitulate findings generated when the Spike is expressed in its physiological context (at the surface of the infected primary cells), we developed an intracellular staining against the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) to distinguish infected from uninfected cells. Human airway epithelial cells (pAECs) were infected with authentic SARS-CoV-2 D614G or Alpha variants. We observed robust cell-surface expression of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike at the surface of the infected pAECs using the conformational-independent anti-S2 CV3-25 antibody. The infected cells were also readily recognized by plasma from convalescent and vaccinated individuals and correlated with several serological assays. This suggests that the antigenicity of the Spike present at the surface of the infected primary cells is maintained in serological assays involving expression of the native full-length Spike.


Subject(s)
Cell Membrane/metabolism , Epithelial Cells/metabolism , Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism , Antibodies, Viral/immunology , Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity , Bronchioles/cytology , Cells, Cultured , Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins/metabolism , Epithelial Cells/virology , HEK293 Cells , Humans , Neutralization Tests , Phosphoproteins/metabolism , SARS-CoV-2/immunology , SARS-CoV-2/metabolism , Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics , Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
7.
Physiol Rep ; 7(21): e14253, 2019 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31724341

ABSTRACT

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) features an exudative phase characterized by alveolar damage, lung edema and exacerbated inflammatory response. Given their anti-inflammatory properties, the potential therapeutic effect of corticosteroids has been evaluated in ARDS clinical trials and experimental models of ALI. These studies produced contradictory results. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the effects of dexamethasone in an animal model of bleomycin-induced acute lung injury and then to determine if the lack of response could be related to an impairment in repair ability of alveolar epithelial cells after injury. NMRI mice were challenged with bleomycin and then treated daily with dexamethasone or saline. Bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) and lungs were collected for assessment of the inflammatory response and wet/dry ratio (lung edema) and for histological analyses. The effect of bleomycin and dexamethasone on wound repair was also evaluated in vitro on primary alveolar epithelial cell (ATII) cultures. Our data first showed that dexamethasone treatment did not reduce the weight loss or mortality rates induced by bleomycin. Although the TNF-α level in BAL of bleomycin-treated mice was reduced by dexamethasone, the neutrophil infiltration remained unchanged. Dexamethasone also failed to reduce lung edema and damage scores. Finally, bleomycin elicited a time- and dose-dependent reduction in repair rates of ATII cell cultures. This inhibitory effect was further enhanced by dexamethasone, which also affected the expression of ß3- and ß6-integrins, key proteins of alveolar repair. Altogether, our data indicate that the inability of dexamethasone to improve the resolution of ALI might be due to his deleterious effect on the alveolar epithelium repair.


Subject(s)
Acute Lung Injury/metabolism , Acute Lung Injury/pathology , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage , Bleomycin/administration & dosage , Dexamethasone/administration & dosage , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/metabolism , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/pathology , Acute Lung Injury/chemically induced , Alveolar Epithelial Cells/drug effects , Alveolar Epithelial Cells/metabolism , Alveolar Epithelial Cells/pathology , Animals , Animals, Outbred Strains , Disease Models, Animal , Inflammation Mediators/metabolism , Male , Mice , Pneumonia/chemically induced , Pneumonia/metabolism , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/chemically induced
8.
Respir Res ; 16: 100, 2015 Sep 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26335442

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Extensive alveolar epithelial injury and remodelling is a common feature of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and it has been established that epithelial regeneration, and secondary lung oedema resorption, is crucial for ARDS resolution. Much evidence indicates that K(+) channels are regulating epithelial repair processes; however, involvement of the KCa3.1 channels in alveolar repair has never been investigated before. RESULTS: Wound-healing assays demonstrated that the repair rates were increased in primary rat alveolar cell monolayers grown on a fibronectin matrix compared to non-coated supports, whereas an anti-ß1-integrin antibody reduced it. KCa3.1 inhibition/silencing impaired the fibronectin-stimulated wound-healing rates, as well as cell migration and proliferation, but had no effect in the absence of coating. We then evaluated a putative relationship between KCa3.1 channel and the migratory machinery protein ß1-integrin, which is activated by fibronectin. Co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence experiments indicated a link between the two proteins and revealed their cellular co-distribution. In addition, we demonstrated that KCa3.1 channel and ß1-integrin membrane expressions were increased on a fibronectin matrix. We also showed increased intracellular calcium concentrations as well as enhanced expression of TRPC4, a voltage-independent calcium channel belonging to the large TRP channel family, on a fibronectin matrix. Finally, wound-healing assays showed additive effects of KCa3.1 and TRPC4 inhibitors on alveolar epithelial repair. CONCLUSION: Taken together, our data demonstrate for the first time complementary roles of KCa3.1 and TRPC4 channels with extracellular matrix and ß1-integrin in the regulation of alveolar repair processes.


Subject(s)
Alveolar Epithelial Cells/metabolism , Integrin beta1/metabolism , Intermediate-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels/metabolism , Pulmonary Alveoli/metabolism , Wound Healing , Alveolar Epithelial Cells/drug effects , Alveolar Epithelial Cells/pathology , Animals , Cell Movement , Cell Proliferation , Cells, Cultured , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Fibronectins/metabolism , Intermediate-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels/antagonists & inhibitors , Intermediate-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels/genetics , Male , Potassium Channel Blockers/pharmacology , Pulmonary Alveoli/drug effects , Pulmonary Alveoli/pathology , RNA Interference , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Signal Transduction , TRPC Cation Channels/antagonists & inhibitors , TRPC Cation Channels/genetics , TRPC Cation Channels/metabolism , Time Factors , Transfection , Wound Healing/drug effects
9.
Int J Oncol ; 44(3): 838-48, 2014 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24366043

ABSTRACT

K+ channels, which are overexpressed in several cancers, have been identified as regulators of cell proliferation and migration, key processes in cancer development/propagation. Their role in lung cancer has not been studied extensively; but we showed previously that KvLQT1 channels are involved in cell migration, proliferation and repair of normal lung epithelial cells. We now investigated the role of these channels in lung cancer cell lines and their expression levels in human lung adenocarcinoma (AD) tissues. First, we observed that the wound-healing rates of A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell monolayers were reduced by clofilium and chromanol or after silencing with KvLQT1-specific siRNA. Dose-dependent decrease of A549 cell growth and cell accumulation in G0/G1 phase were seen after KvLQT1 inhibition. Clofilium also affected 2D and 3D migration of A549 cells. Similarly, H460 cell growth, migration and wound healing were diminished by this drug. Because K+ channel overexpression has been encountered in some cancers, we assessed KvLQT1 expression levels in tumor tissues from patients with lung AD. KvLQT1 protein expression in tumor samples was increased by 1.5- to 7-fold, compared to paired non-neoplastic tissues, in 17 of 26 patients. In summary, our data reveal that KvLQT1 channel blockade efficiently reduces A549 and H460 cell proliferation and migration. Moreover, KvLQT1 overexpression in AD samples suggests that it could be a potential therapeutic target in lung cancer.


Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma/genetics , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics , KCNQ Potassium Channels/genetics , Lung Neoplasms/genetics , Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Adenocarcinoma of Lung , Carcinogenesis , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Movement/drug effects , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects , Humans , KCNQ Potassium Channels/biosynthesis , Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/administration & dosage , RNA, Small Interfering/genetics , Wound Healing/genetics
10.
Eur Respir J ; 40(6): 1390-400, 2012 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22496330

ABSTRACT

Airway damage and remodelling are important components of lung pathology progression in cystic fibrosis (CF). Although repair mechanisms are engaged to restore the epithelial integrity, these processes are obviously insufficient to maintain lung function in CF airways. Our aims were therefore to study how the basic cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) defect could impact epithelial wound healing and to determine if CFTR correction could improve it. Wound-healing experiments, as well as cell migration and proliferation assays, were performed to study the early phases of epithelial repair in human CF and non-CF airway cells. CFTR function was evaluated using CFTR small interferring (si)RNA and inhibitor GlyH101 in non-CF cells, and conversely after CFTR rescue with the CFTR corrector VRT-325 in CF cells. Wound-healing experiments first showed that airway cells from CF patients repaired slower than non-CF cells. CFTR inhibition or silencing in non-CF primary airway cells significantly inhibited wound closure. GlyH101 also decreased cell migration and proliferation. Interestingly, wild-type CFTR transduction in CF airway cell lines or CFTR correction with VRT-325 in CFBE-ΔF508 and primary CF bronchial monolayers significantly improved wound healing. Altogether our results demonstrated that functional CFTR plays a critical role in wound repair, and CFTR correction may represent a novel strategy to promote the airway repair processes in CF.


Subject(s)
Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator/genetics , Cystic Fibrosis/metabolism , Adult , Bronchi/metabolism , Cell Line , Cell Movement , Cell Proliferation , Cells, Cultured , Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator/metabolism , Epithelium/metabolism , Humans , Lung/microbiology , Lung Diseases/microbiology , Lung Transplantation/methods , Mutation , RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism , Regeneration , Respiratory Mucosa/metabolism , Time Factors , Wound Healing
11.
Biochim Biophys Acta ; 1818(7): 1682-90, 2012 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22406554

ABSTRACT

Active Na+ absorption by alveolar ENaC is the main driving force of liquid clearance at birth and lung edema resorption in adulthood. We have demonstrated previously that long-term modulation of KvLQT1 and KATP K+ channel activities exerts sustained control in Na+ transport through the regulation of ENaC expression in primary alveolar type II (ATII) cells. The goal of the present study was: 1) to investigate the role of the alpha-ENaC promoter, transfected in the A549 alveolar cell line, in the regulation of ENaC expression by K+ channels, and 2) to determine the physiological impact of K+ channels and ENaC modulation on fluid clearance in ATII cells. KvLQT1 and KATP channels were first identified in A549 cells by PCR and Western blotting. We showed, for the first time, that KvLQT1 activation by R-L3 (applied for 24 h) increased alpha-ENaC expression, similarly to KATP activation by pinacidil. Conversely, pharmacological KvLQT1 and KATP inhibition or silencing with siRNAs down-regulated alpha-ENaC expression. Furthermore, K+ channel blockers significantly decreased alpha-ENaC promoter activity. Our results indicated that this decrease in promoter activity could be mediated, at least in part, by the repressor activity of ERK1/2. Conversely, KvLQT1 and KATP activation dose-dependently enhanced alpha-ENaC promoter activity. Finally, we noted a physiological impact of changes in K+ channel functions on ERK activity, alpha-, beta-, gamma-ENaC subunit expression and fluid absorption through polarized ATII cells. In summary, our results disclose that K+ channels regulate alpha-ENaC expression by controlling its promoter activity and thus affect the alveolar function of fluid clearance.


Subject(s)
Epithelial Cells/metabolism , Epithelial Sodium Channels/genetics , KATP Channels/genetics , KCNQ1 Potassium Channel/genetics , Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics , Benzodiazepines/pharmacology , Biological Transport/drug effects , Blotting, Western , Cell Line, Tumor , Epithelial Cells/pathology , Epithelial Sodium Channels/metabolism , Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects , Glyburide/pharmacology , Humans , KATP Channels/metabolism , KCNQ1 Potassium Channel/metabolism , Membrane Transport Modulators/pharmacology , Pinacidil/pharmacology , Potassium Channel Blockers/pharmacology , Pulmonary Alveoli/metabolism , Pulmonary Alveoli/pathology , Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/pharmacology , RNA Interference , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sodium/metabolism
12.
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol ; 301(6): L945-55, 2011 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21908587

ABSTRACT

Chronic infection and inflammation have been associated with progressive airway epithelial damage in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). However, the effect of inflammatory products on the repair capacity of respiratory epithelia is unclear. Our objective was to study the regulation of repair mechanisms by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a major component of inflammation in CF, in a model of mechanical wounding, in two bronchial cell lines, non-CF NuLi and CF CuFi. We observed that TNF-α enhanced the NuLi and CuFi repair rates. Chronic exposure (24-48 h) to TNF-α augmented this stimulation as well as the migration rate during repair. The cellular mechanisms involved in this stimulation were then evaluated. First, we discerned that TNF-α induced metalloproteinase-9 release, epidermal growth factor (EGF) shedding, and subsequent EGF receptor transactivation. Second, TNF-α-induced stimulation of the NuLi and CuFi wound-closure rates was prevented by GM6001 (metalloproteinase inhibitor), EGF antibody (to titrate secreted EGF), and EGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Furthermore, we recently reported a relationship between the EGF response and K(+) channel function, both controlling bronchial repair. We now show that TNF-α enhances KvLQT1 and K(ATP) currents, while their inhibition abolishes TNF-α-induced repair stimulation. These results indicate that the effect of TNF-α is mediated, at least in part, through EGF receptor transactivation and K(+) channel stimulation. In contrast, cell proliferation during repair was slowed by TNF-α, suggesting that TNF-α could exert contrasting actions on repair mechanisms of CF airway epithelia. Finally, the stimulatory effect of TNF-α on airway wound repair was confirmed on primary airway epithelial cells, from non-CF and CF patients.


Subject(s)
Cystic Fibrosis/pathology , Epithelial Cells/pathology , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology , Bronchioles/metabolism , Bronchioles/pathology , Cell Movement , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Cells, Cultured , Cystic Fibrosis/metabolism , Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism , Epidermal Growth Factor/pharmacology , Epidermal Growth Factor/physiology , Epithelial Cells/drug effects , Epithelial Cells/metabolism , ErbB Receptors/agonists , ErbB Receptors/genetics , ErbB Receptors/metabolism , Humans , Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/genetics , Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism , Membrane Potentials , Phosphorylation , Potassium Channel Blockers/pharmacology , Potassium Channels/metabolism , Primary Cell Culture , Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/pharmacology , Transcriptional Activation , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/physiology
13.
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol ; 296(2): C285-95, 2009 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19052260

ABSTRACT

The vectorial transport of ions and water across epithelial cells depends to a large extent on the coordination of the apical and basolateral ion fluxes with energy supply. In this work we provide the first evidence for a regulation by the 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) of the calcium-activated potassium channel KCa3.1 expressed at the basolateral membrane of a large variety of epithelial cells. Inside-out patch-clamp experiments performed on human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells stably transfected with KCa3.1 first revealed a decrease in KCa3.1 activity following the internal addition of AMP at a fixed ATP concentration. This effect was dose dependent with half inhibition at 140 muM AMP in 1 mM ATP. Evidence for an interaction between the COOH-terminal region of KCa3.1 and the gamma1-subunit of AMPK was next obtained by two-hybrid screening and pull-down experiments. Our two-hybrid analysis confirmed in addition that the amino acids extending from Asp(380) to Ala(400) in COOH-terminal were essential for the interaction AMPK-gamma1/KCa3.1. Inside-out experiments on cells coexpressing KCa3.1 with the dominant negative AMPK-gamma1-R299G mutant showed a reduced sensitivity of KCa3.1 to AMP, arguing for a functional link between KCa3.1 and the gamma1-subunit of AMPK. More importantly, coimmunoprecipitation experiments carried out on bronchial epithelial NuLi cells provided direct evidence for the formation of a KCa3.1/AMPK-gamma1 complex at endogenous AMPK and KCa3.1 expression levels. Finally, treating NuLi monolayers with the membrane permeant AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) caused a significant decrease of the KCa3.1-mediated short-circuit currents, an effect reversible by coincubation with the AMPK inhibitor Compound C. These observations argue for a regulation of KCa3.1 by AMPK in a functional epithelium through protein/protein interactions involving the gamma1-subunit of AMPK.


Subject(s)
AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism , Epithelial Cells/enzymology , Intermediate-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels/metabolism , Ion Channel Gating , Respiratory Mucosa/enzymology , Adenosine Monophosphate/metabolism , Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism , Aminoimidazole Carboxamide/analogs & derivatives , Aminoimidazole Carboxamide/pharmacology , Cell Polarity , Cells, Cultured , Enzyme Activation , Enzyme Activators/pharmacology , Epithelial Cells/drug effects , Humans , Immunoprecipitation , Intermediate-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels/antagonists & inhibitors , Intermediate-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels/genetics , Ion Channel Gating/drug effects , Ion Transport , Membrane Potentials , Mutation , Patch-Clamp Techniques , Protein Binding , Recombinant Proteins/metabolism , Respiratory Mucosa/drug effects , Ribonucleotides/pharmacology , Transfection , Two-Hybrid System Techniques
14.
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol ; 295(5): L866-80, 2008 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18757521

ABSTRACT

Severe lesions of airway epithelia are observed in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The regulatory mechanisms of cell migration and proliferation processes, involved in the repair of injured epithelia, then need to be better understood. A model of mechanical wounding of non-CF (NuLi) and CF (CuFi) bronchial monolayers was employed to study the repair mechanisms. We first observed that wound repair, under paracrine and autocrine EGF control, was slower (up to 33%) in CuFi than in NuLi. Furthermore, EGF receptor (EGFR) activation, following wounding, was lower in CuFi than in NuLi monolayers. Cell proliferation and migration assays indicated a similar rate of proliferation in both cell lines but with reduced (by 25%) CuFi cell migration. In addition, cell migration experiments performed in the presence of conditioned medium, collected from NuLi and CuFi wounded bronchial monolayers, suggested a defect in EGF/EGFR signaling in CF cells. We (49) recently demonstrated coupling between the EGF response and K(+) channel function, which is crucial for EGF-stimulated alveolar repair. In CuFi cells, lower EGF/EGFR signaling was accompanied by a 40-70% reduction in K(+) currents and KvLQT1, ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)), and Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (KCa3.1) channel expression. In addition, EGF-stimulated bronchial wound healing, cell migration, and proliferation were severely decreased by K(+) channel inhibitors. Finally, acute CFTR inhibition failed to reduce wound healing, EGF secretion, and K(+) channel expression in NuLi. In summary, the delay in CuFi wound healing could be due to diminished EGFR signaling coupled with lower K(+) channel function, which play a crucial role in bronchial repair.


Subject(s)
Bronchi/pathology , Cystic Fibrosis/pathology , Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism , Epithelium/pathology , Potassium Channels/metabolism , Wound Healing , Bronchi/metabolism , Cell Line , Cell Movement/drug effects , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Cystic Fibrosis/metabolism , Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator/antagonists & inhibitors , Epidermal Growth Factor/pharmacology , Epithelium/drug effects , ErbB Receptors/metabolism , Humans , Ion Channel Gating/drug effects , Wound Healing/drug effects
15.
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol ; 293(4): L870-82, 2007 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17631610

ABSTRACT

Several respiratory diseases are associated with extensive damage of lung epithelia, and the regulatory mechanisms involved in their regeneration are not clearly defined. Growth factors released by epithelial cells or fibroblasts from injured lungs are important regulators of alveolar repair by stimulating cell motility, proliferation, and differentiation. In addition, K(+) channels regulate cell proliferation/migration and are coupled with growth factor signaling in several tissues. We decided to explore the hypothesis, never investigated before, that K(+) could play a prominent role in alveolar repair. We employed a model of mechanical wounding of rat alveolar type II epithelia, in primary culture, to study their response to injury. Wound healing was suppressed by one-half upon epidermal growth factor (EGF) titration with EGF-antibody (Ab) or erbB1/erbB2 tyrosine-kinase inhibition with AG-1478/AG-825. The addition of exogenous EGF slightly stimulated the alveolar wound healing and enhanced, by up to five times, alveolar cell migration measured in a Boyden-type chamber. Conditioned medium collected from injured alveolar monolayers also stimulated cell migration; this effect was abolished in the presence of EGF-Ab. The impact of K(+) channel modulators was examined in basal and EGF-stimulated conditions. Wound healing was stimulated by pinacidil, an ATP-dependent K(+) channel (K(ATP)) activator, which also increased cell migration, by twofold, in basal conditions and potentiated the stimulatory effect of EGF. K(ATP) or KvLQT1 inhibitors (glibenclamide, clofilium) reduced EGF-stimulated wound healing, cell migration, and proliferation. Finally, EGF stimulated K(ATP) and KvLQT1 currents and channel expression. In summary, stimulation of K(+) channels through autocrine activation of EGF receptors could play a crucial role in lung epithelia repair processes.


Subject(s)
Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism , Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism , KCNQ1 Potassium Channel/metabolism , Potassium Channels/metabolism , Pulmonary Alveoli/injuries , Wound Healing , Animals , Antibodies/pharmacology , Autocrine Communication , Benzothiazoles/pharmacology , Biological Transport/drug effects , Cell Movement/drug effects , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Cells, Cultured , Drug Synergism , Electric Conductivity , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Epidermal Growth Factor/immunology , Epidermal Growth Factor/pharmacology , Epithelial Cells/pathology , ErbB Receptors/antagonists & inhibitors , ErbB Receptors/metabolism , KCNQ1 Potassium Channel/drug effects , Male , Pinacidil/pharmacology , Potassium/metabolism , Potassium Channels/drug effects , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Pulmonary Alveoli/pathology , Pulmonary Alveoli/physiopathology , Quinazolines , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Receptor, ErbB-2/antagonists & inhibitors , Tyrphostins/pharmacology , Wound Healing/drug effects
16.
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol ; 291(6): L1220-31, 2006 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16877633

ABSTRACT

We have reported that TNF, a proinflammatory cytokine present in several lung pathologies, decreases the expression and activity of the epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC) by approximately 70% in alveolar epithelial cells. Because dexamethasone has been shown to upregulate ENaC mRNA expression and is well known to downregulate proinflammatory genes, we tested if it could alleviate the effect of TNF on ENaC expression and activity. In cotreatment with TNF, we found that dexamethasone reversed the inhibitory effect of TNF and upregulated alpha, beta, and gammaENaC mRNA expression. When the cells were pretreated for 24 h with TNF before cotreatment, dexamethasone was still able to increase alphaENaC mRNA expression to 1.8-fold above control values. However, in these conditions, beta and gammaENaC mRNA expression was reduced to 47% and 14%, respectively. The potential role of TNF and dexamethasone on alphaENaC promoter activity was tested in A549 alveolar epithelial cells. TNF decreased luciferase (Luc) expression by approximately 25% in these cells, indicating that the strong diminution of alphaENaC mRNA must be related to posttranscriptional events. Dexamethasone raised Luc expression by fivefold in the cells and augmented promoter activity by 2.77-fold in cotreatment with TNF. In addition to its effect on alphaENaC gene expression, dexamethasone was able to maintain amiloride-sensitive current as well as the liquid clearance abilities of TNF-treated cells within the normal range. All these results suggest that dexamethasone alleviates the downregulation of ENaC expression and activity in TNF-treated alveolar epithelial cells.


Subject(s)
Dexamethasone/pharmacology , Epithelial Sodium Channels/physiology , Pulmonary Alveoli/physiology , Respiratory Mucosa/physiology , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology , Animals , Epithelial Sodium Channels/drug effects , Epithelial Sodium Channels/genetics , Kinetics , Male , Pulmonary Alveoli/drug effects , RNA, Messenger/genetics , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Respiratory Mucosa/drug effects , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors
17.
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol ; 291(6): L1207-19, 2006 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16891388

ABSTRACT

In a recent study (Leroy C, Dagenais A, Berthiaume Y, and Brochiero E. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 286: L1027-L1037, 2004), we identified an ATP-sensitive K(+) (K(ATP)) channel in alveolar epithelial cells, formed by inwardly rectifying K(+) channel Kir6.1/sulfonylurea receptor (SUR)2B subunits. We found that short applications of K(ATP), voltage-dependent K(+) channel KvLQT1, and calcium-activated K(+) (K(Ca)) channel modulators modified Na(+) and Cl(-) currents in alveolar monolayers. In addition, it was shown previously that a K(ATP) opener increased alveolar liquid clearance in human lungs by a mechanism possibly related to epithelial sodium channels (ENaC). We therefore hypothesized that prolonged treatment with K(+) channel modulators could induce a sustained regulation of ENaC activity and/or expression. Alveolar monolayers were treated for 24 h with inhibitors of K(ATP), KvLQT1, and K(Ca) channels identified by PCR. Glibenclamide and clofilium (K(ATP) and KvLQT1 inhibitors) strongly reduced basal transepithelial current, amiloride-sensitive Na(+) current, and forskolin-activated Cl(-) currents, whereas pinacidil, a K(ATP) activator, increased them. Interestingly, K(+) inhibitors or membrane depolarization (induced by valinomycin in high-K(+) medium) decreased alpha-, beta-, and gamma-ENaC and CFTR mRNA. alpha-ENaC and CFTR proteins also declined after glibenclamide or clofilium treatment. Conversely, pinacidil augmented ENaC and CFTR mRNAs and proteins. Since alveolar fluid transport was found to be driven, at least in part, by Na(+) transport through ENaC, we tested the impact of K(+) channel modulators on fluid absorption across alveolar monolayers. We found that glibenclamide and clofilium reduced fluid absorption to a level similar to that seen in the presence of amiloride, whereas pinacidil slightly enhanced it. Long-term regulation of ENaC and CFTR expression by K(+) channel activity could benefit patients with pulmonary diseases affecting ion transport and fluid clearance.


Subject(s)
Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator/genetics , Epithelial Sodium Channels/genetics , Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying/physiology , Pulmonary Alveoli/physiology , Respiratory Mucosa/physiology , Absorption , Animals , Cells, Cultured , KATP Channels , Kinetics , Male , Polymerase Chain Reaction , RNA, Messenger/genetics , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Respiratory Mucosa/cytology
18.
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol ; 287(2): L382-92, 2004 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15107294

ABSTRACT

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is expressed in the fetal lung, but during lung development it gradually disappears in cells of future alveolar spaces. Recent studies have implicated the CFTR in fluid transport by the adult alveolar epithelium, but its presence has not been demonstrated directly. This study re-evaluated CFTR expression and activity in the adult pulmonary epithelium by using freshly isolated rat alveolar type II (ATII) cells. CFTR mRNA was detected by semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction on the day of cell isolation but was rapidly reduced by 60% after 24 h of cell culture. This was paralleled by a similar decrease of surfactant protein A expression and alkaline phosphatase staining, markers of the ATII cell phenotype. CFTR expression increased significantly on day 4 in cells grown on filters at the air-liquid interface compared with cells submerged or grown on plastic. Significantly higher CFTR expression was detected in distal lung tissue compared with the trachea. The CFTR was also found at the protein level in Western blot experiments employing lysates of freshly isolated alveolar cells. Whole cell patch-clamp experiments revealed cAMP-stimulated, 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoate-sensitive Cl(-) conductance with a linear current-voltage relationship. In cell-attached membrane patches with 100 microM amiloride in pipette solution, forskolin stimulated channels of approximately 4 pS conductance. Our results indicate that 50-250 of functional CFTR Cl(-) channels occur in adult alveolar cells and could contribute to alveolar liquid homeostasis.


Subject(s)
Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator/genetics , Epithelial Cells/physiology , Pulmonary Alveoli/physiology , Respiratory Mucosa/physiology , Age Factors , Animals , Cells, Cultured , Chlorides/metabolism , Cyclic AMP/metabolism , Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator/metabolism , DNA, Complementary , Epithelial Cells/cytology , Gene Expression , Macrophages, Alveolar/physiology , Male , Patch-Clamp Techniques , Pulmonary Alveoli/cytology , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Respiratory Mucosa/cytology , Trachea/cytology
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