ABSTRACT
The Low Energy High Intensity Proton Accelerator (LEHIPA) at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, India, has recently been commissioned to the target energy of 20 MeV by beam acceleration through a 352 MHz radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) and drift tube linac (DTL). The medium energy beam transport (MEBT) line of LEHIPA matches the 3 MeV beam from RFQ to the DTL using four electromagnetic quadrupoles and a re-buncher cavity. In the beam transport lines of high frequency linacs, TM010 mode single gap buncher cavities are conventionally used, while a double gap re-buncher cavity was chosen for the short length LEHIPA MEBT based on beam dynamics simulations. The 352 MHz double gap re-buncher cavity has been designed in a DTL type geometry with a cell length of ßλ. This double gap cavity is found to be more power efficient with a higher shunt impedance and transit time factor than the conventional single gap buncher cavity. Electromagnetic design simulations, fabrication details, low power and high-power RF test results, and beam test results of the re-buncher cavity are presented in this paper.
ABSTRACT
Background: Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are the most preferred cell type, based on their phenotypic characteristics, plasticity, and favorable immunological properties for applications in soft-tissue augmentation. Hence, the present in vitro study was aimed to evaluate the adipogenic differentiation potential of human ADSCs upon culturing individually with collagen gel and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF). Materials and methods: The collected lipoaspirate was used for establishing ADSCs using enzymatic digestion method. Then, the cells were analyzed for their morphology, viability, proliferation rate, population doubling time (PDT), colony-forming ability, cell surface markers expression, and osteogenic differentiation as biological properties. Further, ADSCs were evaluated for their adipogenicity using induction media alone, and by culturing with collagen gel and PRF individually for prospective tissue augmentation. Results: ADSCs were successfully established in vitro and exhibited a fibroblast-like morphology throughout the culture period. Cells had higher viability, proliferation potential and showed their ability to form colonies. The positive expression of cell surface markers and osteogenic ability confirmed the potency of ADSCs. The ADSCs cultured on collagen gel and PRF, individually, showed higher number of differentiated adipocytes than ADSCs grown with adipogenic induction medium alone. Conclusion: The extent of lipid accumulation by ADSCs was slightly higher when cultured on collagen gel than on PRF. Additional experiments are required to confirm better suitability of scaffold materials for soft-tissue regeneration.
