ABSTRACT
Foram analisadas 12 medidas de comprimento dos ossos, duas medidas de altura, duas medidas de perímetro e 11 medidas de ângulos articulares) de 169 equinos da raça Mangalarga Marchador, de ambos os sexos (82 por cento de fêmeas), com idades entre 35 e 269 meses, de 11 criatórios do Estado de Minas Gerais e cinco de São Paulo. Os efeitos de estado e criatório de origem, tipo de criação (baia ou pasto), idade e sexo sobre essas características foram avaliados pelo método dos quadrados mínimos, e as associações entre as características foram quantificadas por meio da correlação de resíduos. Os modelos justificaram pouco da variação observada, com coeficientes de determinação variando de 0,09 a 0,48 para as medidas lineares e de 0,11 a 0,44 para as medidas angulares. Estado e criatório de origem, sexo, idade e tipo de criação foram importantes fontes de variação, respectivamente para 13 (48,1 por cento), 12 (44,4 por cento), seis (22,2 por cento), quatro (14,8 por cento) e três (11,1 por cento) das 27 características avaliadas. As correlações de resíduo entre as características indicaram que a escolha de animais com úmero de maior comprimento está associada a animais com membros torácicos e pélvicos mais longos e que a escolha de animais a partir do tamanho dos membros acarretará concomitante incremento na altura da cernelha e na garupa e do perímetro da canela e torácico. Ainda, a escolha dos animais considerando as medidas dos ângulos metacarpofalangeano e dedo torácico com a horizontal refletirá positivamente na altura da cernelha e da garupa.
The effects of State and stud of origin, management (on pasture or in stable), gender, and age on morphometrics traits (measurements of 12 bone segments, 11 joint angles, two perimeters, and two heights) of 169 Mangalarga Marchador horses (82 percent females) raised in 11 herds of Minas Gerais and five from São Paulo State, were evaluated using the least squares methodology. In addition, residual phenotypic associations among these traits were measured. Statistical models did not fit well the observed variation, with coefficients of determination varying from 0.09 to 0.48 for linear and from 0.11 to 0.44 for angular traits. State and stud of origin, gender, age, and management were important sources of variation, respectively on 13 (48.1 percent), 12 (44.4 percent), six (22.2 percent), four (11.1 percent), and three (11.1 percent) of the 27 evaluated traits. Residual correlations between traits indicated that selection of animals with longer humerus was associated to animals with longer front and rear leg bone segments and higher wither and croup heights and larger crop and cannon perimeters. Also, selection of animals with larger fetlock and coronet-horizontal line angles will positively reflect on the wither and croup heights of the animals.
ABSTRACT
Gráficos com demonstração das curvas ângulo-tempo das articulações dos membros dos eqüinos foram avaliados por meio da análise de imagens digitalizadas tomadas de 10 cavalos e 13 éguas da raça Mangalarga Marchador. Foram utilizados marcadores reflexivos adesivos colocados em 19 pontos articulares dos eqüinos, procedendo-se à filmagem com freqüência de 250 quadros por segundo e utilizando-se o aplicativo Simi-motion 3D 6.0 para digitalização e análise das imagens. A utilização dos marcadores reflexivos adesivos constituiu boa metodologia para análise dos movimentos dos segmentos ósseos dos eqüinos. Os resultados observados indicam haver, durante a locomoção dos eqüinos marchadores brasileiros, comportamento similar das articulações quando comparados com eqüinos de sela europeus, apresentando mesmo padrão das curvas de ângulo-tempo e não havendo grandes diferenças entre os pontos máximos de flexão e extensão.
Images of 10 horses and 13 mares of Mangalarga Marchador breed were taken and digitalized to analyze the joint angle-time curves. Reflexives and adhesives markers were glued on 19 articulations points of the hindlimbs and forelimbs of the horses. The images were taken at 250 frames per second and the digitalization and analysis were made using a Simi-motion 3D 6.0 software. The results demonstrated that the methodology using reflexives and adhesives markers was efficient to make analyses of the bone segment movements of the horses. This study concluded that the Brazilian gaited horses have a similar angle-joint curve as the European warmblood horses and there are no great differences of the maximum extension and flexion points.
Subject(s)
Joints/metabolism , Equidae , Locomotion/physiology , Biomarkers/analysis , Movement/physiology , Motion Pictures , Computer Graphics , Modalities, MovingABSTRACT
A partir das informaçöes de 71.991 eqüinos da raça Campolina, registrados de 1951 até 2000 pela Associaçäo Brasileira dos Criadores do Cavalo Campolina, observou-se que 86,6 por cento dos animais pertenciam à regiäo Sudeste. A média anual do número de nascimentos de 1951 a 1998 foi de 1.159 animais, sendo 5.107 o ápice em 1991. Dos 3.361 criadores e dos 4.848 proprietários de animais, respectivamente, 50,3 por cento e 60,3 por cento possuíam menos de cinco animais. Quanto ao número de filhos, 53,3 por cento das 17.680 mäes produziram menos de dois filhos. Dos 2.418 pais, 51,7 por cento tiveram menos de 10 filhos. Os números médio e máximo de filhos por égua foram, respectivamente, 3,1 e 20, e por pai, 22,2 e 531, na mesma ordem. O tamanho efetivo da populaçäo considerando-se todos os anos foi de 8.509 animais e a taxa média de endogamia para toda a populaçäo foi próxima de zero. O número máximo de geraçöes foi 6,5, sendo o intervalo médio de geraçöes de 8,7 anos. O coeficiente médio de endogamia observado entre os animais endogâmicos foi de 6,1 por cento, com incremento de 1,9 por cento por geraçäo.
Subject(s)
Animals , Horses , InbreedingABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Traumatic rupture of the aortic isthmus is a highly lethal lesion. Controversy currently exists regarding the best management of the lower body circulation system during repair of an acute aortic transsection. The aim of this study was to evaluate our results using different methods of distal aorta perfusion in order to prevent ischemia of the spinal cord. METHODS: Between October 1987 and October 1999, 23 patients (20 males, 3 females, mean age 28 years) with rupture of the thoracic aorta underwent surgical repair; 18 of these were acute ruptures and 5 post-traumatic pseudoaneurysms. RESULTS: All cases of rupture were associated with violent, sudden deceleration and in all but one subject it was due to a traffic accident. Twenty patients had severe associated lesions involving the cranium, abdomen, thorax or leg fractures. The operation was performed with a left postero-lateral thoracotomy in all but one case which underwent sternotomy (the patient with an associated lesion of the distal part of the arch). In 1 patient repair was accomplished using simple aortic cross-clamping, in another with total cardiopulmonary bypass, deep hypothermia and cardiac arrest and in 4 cases with partial cardiopulmonary bypass (1 left atrium-femoral artery and 3 femoro-femoral bypass). Seventeen patients were treated using the centrifugal pump (Bio-Medicus) for left atrium-femoral artery bypass. The perioperative mortality was 8.6%, including 2 patients operated in cardiogenic shock. In the 21 surviving patients the postoperative period was free from any cardiovascular complications, with no cases of paraplegia. There were no late deaths (mean follow-up 4 years) and all patients are in good clinical conditions. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the outcome mainly depends on preoperative clinical conditions, associated lesions and the timing of the operation. We conclude that the Bio-Medicus centrifugal pump is a simple and safe means of perfusing the lower body, kidney, and spinal cord without heparinization in a patient with multiple injuries.
Subject(s)
Aorta, Thoracic/injuries , Aorta, Thoracic/surgery , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
In recent years several researchers have suggested that the changes in the geometry and angular dimensions of the aortic root which occur during the cardiac cycle are functional to the optimisation of aortic valve function, both in terms of diminishing leaflet stresses and of fluid-dynamic behaviour. The paper presents an analytical parametric model of the aortic valve which includes the aortic root movement. The indexes used to evaluate the valve behaviour are the circumferential membrane stress and the stress at the free edge of the leaflet, the index of bending strain, the bending of the leaflet at the line attachment in the radial and circumferential directions and the shape of the conduit formed by the leaflets during systole. In order to evaluate the role of geometric changes in valve performance, two control cases were considered, with different reference geometric configuration, where the movement of the aortic root was ignored. The results obtained appear consistent with physiological data, especially with regard to the late diastolic phase and the early ejection phase, and put in evidence the role of the aortic root movement in the improvement of valve behaviour.
Subject(s)
Aorta/physiology , Aortic Valve/physiology , Biomechanical Phenomena , Compliance , Diastole , Humans , Models, Cardiovascular , Myocardial Contraction , Stress, Mechanical , Ventricular PressureABSTRACT
A giant haemangioma of the thigh in a 9-month-old infant girl with the Kasabach-Merritt syndrome was operated upon with temporary clamping of the common iliac artery after previous attempts at treatment with external compression, prednisone and radiotherapy had failed. Secondary lymphoedema of the leg and foot appeared later and was successfully treated by Thompson's technique.
