Subject(s)
Endocrine System Diseases/diagnosis , Fatigue/diagnosis , Hormones/physiology , Sweating/physiology , Weight Gain/physiology , Algorithms , Diagnosis, Differential , Diagnostic Techniques, Endocrine , Endocrine System Diseases/complications , Fatigue/etiology , Humans , Hyperhidrosis/diagnosis , Hyperhidrosis/etiology , Practice Guidelines as TopicABSTRACT
HbA1c: review and recent developments Lowering of blood sugar in diabetic patients reduces the risk of macrovascular and especially microvascular complications. Testing for HbA1c is a simple way to obtain an estimation of the average blood sugar during the past two months. Through the level of HbA1c, patients and doctors can check the control of blood sugar and set therapeutic goals (with blood glucose self monitoring as needed). HbA1c dosage should be performed with a certified method under quality control. Results should be traceable to the DCCT and UKPDS method. One should keep in mind the different factors other than blood sugar that can interfere with HbA1c testing and alter the results such as abnormal variants of haemoglobin, blood loss, haemolysis and analytical variability.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus/blood , Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis , Blood Glucose/analysis , HumansABSTRACT
The benefits of screening for type 2 diabetes during its preclinical phase are not well established in comparison to starting a treatment after a diagnosis is made when the patient presents with symptoms of hyperglycaemia. Despite this uncertainty, it seems reasonable that an early treatment could prevent diabetic complications given that the preclinical period can last several years. Opportunistic screening is recommended for high risk individuals (age > or = 45 years, BMI > or = 30, family history of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, presence of cardiovascular disease). Among the different screening tests, measurement of fasting plasma glucose is the first choice. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) should not be part anymore of routine practice.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis , Mass Screening/methods , HumansABSTRACT
Collagenous colitis is associated with chronic diarrhoea and inflammatory changes detected by colonic biopsy, but no endoscopic abnormalities. Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa shows the same histopathology as systemic polyarteritis nodosa, but is limited to the skin. Both diseases are rare and of unknown aetiology. Collagenous colitis has been described in association with different autoimmune disorders. We report on a case of collagenous colitis and cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa. To our knowledge, this association has not been reported previously.
