[Occupational skin diseases as social-economic problem].

The article deals with factors causative of high social-economic importance of occupational skin diseases, presents parameters of occupational skin diseases prevalence, exogenous and endogenous risk factors of occupational skin diseases. This conditions appear to have negative influence on everyday life and occupational activities of the patients, induce lower quality of life and work performance. Pathogenesis and clinical signs, laboratory values characterizing atopic and allergic dermatitis are discussed. The authors necessitated a search of signs or complex of signs, that can point to predisposition for sensitization of individuals exposed to occupational hazards.

[Occupational risk factors in the biotechnology industry and workers' health status]. / Professional'nye faktory riska v biotekhnologicheskikh proizvodstvakh i sostoianie zdorov'ia rabotaiushchikh.

The mechanisms of the pathogenic effect of microbial cultures used in biotechnological industry and the products of their vital activity on the workers were investigated. A unique classification of the components of the disease incidence with temporary disability is described. The necessity of detecting prepathological conditions and initial occupational affections in the workers for preventing severe consequences of occupational diseases is indicated. On the basis of complex investigations of disease incidence in the workers, revision of the present sanitary and hygienic regulations may be of need.

[Evaluation of the antimicrobial action of substances for the setting of hygienic standards]. / Otsenka antimikrobnogo deistviia veshchestv s tsel'iu gigienicheskogo normirovaniia.

The notion of antimicrobial effect threshold as an index of hygienic importance for toxicological estimation of chemotherapeutic agents is grounded by the generally accepted conception of thresholds of substances harmful effect. The methodical means used in determining the antimicrobial effect threshold including the recommended set of the measurable indices of intestinal microflora are discussed.

[Problems of the hygienic standardization of antibiotics]. / Problemy gigienicheskogo normirovaniia antibiotikov.

Some of the results of the development of hygienic standardization of antibiotics are discussed. The main scheme proposed earlier was tested in hygienic investigation of antibiotics of various groups. Separate elements of the scheme were shown to be reliable and approaches to its further improvement were suggested. The trends of promising studies on toxicology of antibiotics aimed at their hygienic standardization are presented.

[Experimental study of a gentamicin aerosol]. / Eksperimental'noe izuchenie aérozolia gentamitsina

The study of gentamicin aerosol showed its relative innocuousness: it did not inhibit the growth and development of young animals, did not induce pathological changes in the upper respiratory tract, kidneys, liver, heart and spleen on its prolonged use. Pathohistological examination revealed slight irritating effect of the gentamicin aerosol in the lungs after its use in a dose of 8 or 25 mg/kg for 6 weeks. A procedure for investigating the effect of the aerosol on the activity of the trachea ciliated epithelium of warm blooded animals was developed. The gentamicin aerosols prepared from solutions of different concentrations (1 to 50 mg/ml) induced ingibition of the ciliated epithelium function at average from 15 to 35 per cent which was associated with the solution acidity (pH 4.54 to 4.82). Such a decrease in the function of the ciliated epithelium due to the antibiotic aerosol use was a factor prolonging the antibiotic retention time in the respiratory organs. It was found that aqueous solutions of drugs used for inhalation, such as ephedrin, euphelin, dimedrol, N-acetyl-L-cystein and others had no effect on the activity of gentamicin and may be used with it in a form of aerosols.