ABSTRACT
We developed a protocol of in vitro differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into three-dimensional structures histologically and molecularly similar to the developing retina.
Subject(s)
Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology , Epithelial Cells/cytology , Retina/cytology , Retinal Pigment Epithelium/cytology , Biomarkers/metabolism , Cell Culture Techniques , Cell Differentiation , Cell Line , Culture Media , Embryonic Stem Cells/metabolism , Epithelial Cells/metabolism , Humans , Retina/metabolism , Retinal Pigment Epithelium/metabolismABSTRACT
Cytogenetic analysis of karyotypes of hESM01-hESM04 human embryonic stem cells and substrains derived from these strains showed that all these strains retained normal karyotype during long-term culturing. Two substrains of embryonic stem cells with chromosome aberrations indicating clonal origin of these strains were detected. The potentialities of using analysis of chromosome variability of embryonic stem cells for evaluation of predisposition of the corresponding genotypes to the formation of chromosome abnormalities are discussed.
Subject(s)
Chromosome Aberrations , Embryonic Stem Cells/ultrastructure , Cells, Cultured , Chromosomes, Human/ultrastructure , Clone Cells/physiology , Humans , KaryotypingSubject(s)
In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence , Mink/genetics , Animals , Cattle , Chromosome Mapping , Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial , Humans , Mice , SyntenyABSTRACT
Here we present the results of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) mapping of a set of cattle BAC clones preselected for assignment on cattle chromosome 19 (BTA19). The BAC clones were anchored to human chromosome 17 (HSA17) sequences by BLASTn similarity search of cattle BAC-ends against the human genome sequence (NCBI build 33). Five blocks of homologous synteny were defined in the comparative map of BTA19 and HSA17 built with FISH data and the human genome coordinates. The positions for four evolutionary breakpoints in the bovine and human chromosomes were identified. Comparison of the FISH comparative map with previously published comparative RH, physical, and cytogenetic maps of BTA19 did not reveal major conflicts and allowed for the extension of the boundaries of homology between BTA19 and HSA17. Comparative analysis of HSA17, BTA19, and mouse chromosome 11 (MMU11) demonstrates that most likely mice retain the ancestral organization of the synteny group, and both cattle and human chromosomes underwent several major internal rearrangements after the divergence of Primates, Rodentia, and Cetartiodactyla.
