[Correction of gait stereotype and reduction of the risk of falling in patients with equinovarus foot placement and central hemiparesis]. / Korrektsiya stereotipa khod'by i snizhenie riska padeniya u bol'nykh s ekvinovarusnoi ustanovkoi stopy pri tsentral'nom gemipareze.

OBJECTIVE: To test a new approach to gait stereotype correction for patients with central hemiparesis with talipes equinovarus. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was performed in a group of patients with formed talipes equinovarus and post-stroke hemiparesis. Footwear with orthopaedic elements was offered to the patients. Evaluation of spatial and temporal gait parameters was performed and the risk of falls was assessed. RESULTS: In the process of work, data were obtained confirming the effectiveness of using specialized shoes for equinovarus foot placement. The risk of falling significantly decreased when walking; walking became more symmetrical due to an increase in the anterior extension of the paretic limb. CONCLUSION: Application of this method does not decrease the tone in the paretic limb but optimises the gait stereotype, facilitates the increases of its velocity and decreases the risk of falling.

[The state of cognitive functions in patients with coronavirus infection in the acute period of the disease (outbreaks in 2020-2022)]. / Sostoyanie kognitivnykh funktsii u patsientov v ostrom periode novoi koronavirusnoi infektsii (epidemiologicheskie volny 2020­2022 gg.).

OBJECTIVE: To assess the state of cognitive functions in patients in the acute period of coronavirus infection with pneumonia during periods of hospitalization in 2020-2022. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 3 groups of people of different ages. The first and second groups are inpatients in the acute period of coronavirus infection with viral pneumonia during treatment in a hospital in Krasnoyarsk. Group 1 was hospitalized in the period December 2020 - March 2021. The second group was hospitalized in the period November 2021 - January 2022. The control group consisted of clinically healthy individuals. MMSE, MoCA, FAB, CDT were used to assess the neuropsychological status. Anxiety and depression were assessed using HADS. Patients in the groups were tested on the first day after stabilization of the condition, then again for discharge or transfer to another hospital. The control group was tested once. RESULTS: Statically significant cognitive impairments were detected in patients with coronavirus infection with viral pneumonia in the acute period of the disease, both at admission and at discharge, compared with the control group. Patients admitted for the period December 2020 - March 2021 had more pronounced cognitive impairment than patients admitted for the period November 2021 - January 2022. Anxiety and depression were not detected on HADS. CONCLUSION: Coronavirus infection with viral pneumonia causes cognitive impairment in patients in the acute period of the disease. The severity of changes of cognitive functions was different depending on outbreaks of infection, which may probably be due to a mutation of the virus for the period 2020-2022.

[Diagnosis of hypomimia in Parkinson's disease]. / Diagnostika gipomimii pri bolezni Parkinsona.

OBJECTIVE: A clinical approbation of a proprietary method for evaluation of the diagnostic value of computer video analysis of hypomimia in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 31 patients diagnosed with PD and 31 healthy people. The method consists in contactless recognition of 68 reference points on the face that are used to determine the movement of eyebrows, eyelids and the mouth during diagnostic tests: smiling, drawing of the letter "O", winking, eyebrow raising, frowning, and text reading. RESULTS: Comparison of the results obtained with characteristics of healthy subjects has revealed statistically significant difference in the amplitude and speed of eyebrow, eyelid and mouth movement in PD patients. CONCLUSION: The method offers prospects for screening of patients with suspected PD and evaluation of therapy efficacy.

[Experience of remote rehabilitation for patients with multiple sclerosis]. / Opyt primeneniya distantsionnoi neiroreabilitatsii u patsientov s rasseyannym sklerozom.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of remote rehabilitation for non-exacerbating patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 17 patients, including 12 (70.6%) women and 5 (29.4%) men, with the established diagnosis of MS according to the 2017 McDonald criteria were enrolled in the study. The age varied from 26 to 70 years, the median age was 47 [34; 53] years. Patients with mild or moderate atactic disorders, mildly or moderately manifested central paresis with gait function and fine motor skills impairment were included in the group, median EDSS in which was 4 [3; 5.5]. The patients underwent a course of remote neurorehabilitation on the «NeyroDom¼ website according to individualised training programmes. All patients underwent in-person examination before and after the course of rehabilitation using EDSS scoring, the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), the Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), the 25 foot walking test (25-FWT), the 9-Hole Peg Test (9-HPT) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The control over adherence to the technique of exercising and due amount of training was maintained via remote monitoring of the website and telemedical consultations one time per week. The average rehabilitation course duration was 28 days. RESULTS: After the course of remote rehabilitation, the statistically significant improvement in all main indices of BBS, DGI, 9HPT and 25FWT functional scales were noted, which indicates the improvement in gait, balance and fine motor skills functions. CONCLUSION: The positive influence of remote rehabilitation for patients with MS has been proved.

[Laser analyzer as an objective method for evaluating walking parameters in patients with post-stroke disorders]. / Lazernyi analizator kak ob"ektivnyi metod issledovaniya parametrov khod'by u bol'nykh s postinsul'tnymi narusheniyami.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the informativity, sensitivity and specificity of the method of assessing gait function in patients with ataxia and post-stroke hemiparesis using the LA-1 «Laser Analyzer of Kinematic Gait Parameters¼. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Main tempo-rhythm and spatial gait parameters were assessed in groups of healthy people of young (n=30) and middle (n=30) age. At the second stage, the gait parameters of healthy people were compared with those of patients with ataxia due to vertebrobasilar stroke (n=30) and with post-stroke hemiparesis (n=30). The following parameters were evaluated: the average length and duration of step, the standard deviation of step length, the standard deviation of step duration, coefficient of variability for step length & duration. RESULTS: The high sensitivity and specificity of the method were established. Standard values were determined for all indicators in groups of healthy people and statistically significant features of the main gait parameters for these syndromes were identified. There were an increase in the step length and duration, standard deviation of step length and duration, step variability coefficients, and a decrease in walking speed. Conclusion. The results are in line with those of earlier studies on the gait change in patients with post-stroke disorders. The LA-1 method can be recommended for clinical use.

[Therapy of moderate cognitive impairment and asthenia in patients with cerebrovascular pathology: results of a prospective observational study]. / Terapiya umerennykh kognitivnykh narushenii i astenii u patsientov s tserebrovaskulyarnoi patologiei: rezul'taty mnogotsentrovoi otkrytoi prospektivnoi nablyudatel'noi programmy.

OBJECTIVE: Obtaining additional data on the efficacy and safety of the drug Prospekta in the treatment of moderate cognitive impairment (MCI) and asthenia in patients with cerebrovascular disease (CVD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective observational study in more than 40 Russian cities enrolled 232 patients (mean age 61.5±10.0 years) with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), asthenia on ongoing basic nootropic therapy. The presence of MCI was confirmed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA), asthenia - by 10-point Visual Analog Scale (VAS). All patients were prescribed the nootropic medication Prospekta 2 tablets 2 times a day for 8 weeks in addition to the therapy they received. Ultrasound Doppler sonography of the main arteries of the head and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain were also assessed. At the end of treatment, the Clinical Global Impression Efficacy Index (CGI-EI) was assessed and the safety of the treatment was evaluated. RESULTS: The baseline severity of cognitive impairment according to the MoCA scale was 21.6 points, severity of asthenia according to the VAS was 6.3 points. According to Doppler flowmetry findings, hemodynamically significant stenosis was revealed in 105 (49.3%) patients, and narrowing of the main vessels without changes in hemodynamic parameters was revealed in 108 (50.7%) patients. According to MRI results, single vascular lesions in the brain matter were detected in 102 (44.0%) patients. The medications with nootropic effect were administered to 144 (62.1%) patients. A positive therapeutic response as improvement of cognitive functions was seen in 93.3% of patients after 8 weeks of taking Prospekta, including 39.4% of patients who had cognitive functions restored to the normal level. No side effects were registered during the observational study. CONCLUSIONS: The nootropic medication Prospekta is effective and safe in treatment of MCI in patients with asthenia with CVD, and improves cognitive function in patients with asthenia with CVD, both in monotherapy and in combination with other nootropic agents.

[Dynamics of cognitive impairments during L-dopa therapy in Parkinson's disease]. / Dinamika kognitivnykh narushenii u patsientov s bolezn'yu Parkinsona na fone L-DOFA terapii.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the dynamics of cognitive impairments (CI) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) during L-dopa therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The randomized clinical study included 41 patients with a refined diagnosis of PD 2.5-3.5 stages by Hoehn-Yahr scale, mainly with akinetic-rigid and mixed forms, and with CI associated with PD. All patients were on levodopa therapy. The average duration of the disease was 5 years. The study participants were randomized into two groups according to the design. To assess the dynamics of CI, a neuropsychological study was carried out twice with an interval of 6 months: in group I - at the «peak and outcome¼ of L-DOPA therapy, and in group II - at the «outcome and peak¼ of levodopa therapy, respectively. Assessment of cognitive functions (CF) was carried out using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease-Cognition (SCOPA-Cog), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). RESULTS: The statistically significant improvement of CF at the «peak¼ of levodopa drugs and the deterioration at the «outcome¼ of L-DOPA therapy in the form of an increase in CI (p<0.05) was revealed. CONCLUSION: CI in PD, in a certain extent, may be dependent on L-DOPA therapy as well as motor manifestations. The most dependent on L-DOPA therapy CF were attention, speech, executive and visual-spatial functions.

[Sensory test for fine motor skills of the hand - a pilot study]. / Test sensornoi diagnostiki tonkoi motoriki kisti ­ pilotnoe issledovanie.

The consequences of acute disorders of cerebral circulation significantly reduce the patient's life quality. According to official data, movement disorders are observed in 81.2% of surviving patients. Before and after rehabilitation, it is necessary to determine the degree of motor deficit in the affected hand. Currently used methods, such as video analysis, goniometry, dynamometry, spectrum of clinical scales, etc. have both advantages and disadvantages. OBJECTIVE: Conduct approbation of the «Method of rehabilitation assessment of fine motor function of the hand using a touch panel¼ and evaluate its diagnostic significance in the assessment of motor disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The patients with the syndrome of mild and moderate hemiparesis in the recovery period of stroke, who are at the outpatient stage of rehabilitation, have been examined. The examination was carried out according to the standards of management of the recovery period of stroke, as well as using the author's method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The tested «Method of rehabilitation assessment of fine motor function of the hand using a touch panel¼ showed reliability and statistical significance in comparison with clinical scales and can be integrated into the protocols of outpatient and remote rehabilitation.

[Association of rs3025058 polymorphism with the development of stroke in patients with cardiovascular pathology].

AIM: To study the association of single-nucleotide polymorphismrs3025058(5а/6а) with the development of stroke in patients of the East Siberian population with cardiovascular pathology and risk factors for its development. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved 260 patients with stroke (age [57.0; 51.062.0]) and 272 patients of the control group (age [55.0; 51.062.0]). Among the patients who underwent stroke, 157 men and 103 women. The control group included 170 men and 102 women. The examination of the main group included: collection of complaints, anamnesis, clinical examination, computed tomography of the brain, electrocardiography, echocardioscopy, ultrasound duplex scanning of the extracranial brachiocephalic arteries, 24-hour monitoring of blood pressure and heart rate, analysis of the blood coagulation system. The patients of the main group had the following cardiovascular pathology and risk factors: arterial hypertension, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis of extracranial brachiocephalic arteries, disorders of the hemostasis system. The control group was examined within the framework of the international project HAPIEE. Molecular genetic research was carried out by real-time PCR. Statistical processing of the material was carried out using the Statistica for Windows 7.0, Excel and SPSS 22 application software. RESULTS: The study established statistically significant associations between the 5a/5a genotype and the 5a allele and stroke in the general group of patients, as well as in the subgroup of men, subgroups of patients with extracranial brachiocephalic arteries atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia. In the subgroup of patients with cardiac arrhythmias, statistically significant results were obtained only for allele 5a, and in the subgroup of women with stroke, subgroups of patients with arterial hypertension and hypercoagulation, no significant associations ofrs3025058(5a/6a) polymorphism with stroke were found. CONCLUSION: Genotype 5a/5a and allele 5a of the single-nucleotide polymorphismrs3025058(5а/6а) increase the risk of stroke in individuals from the East Siberian population, including those in the presence of such risk factors as extracranial brachiocephalic arteries atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia.

[The new approach in the treatment of walking disorders in Parkinson's disease]. / Novyi podkhod k lecheniiu narushenii khod'by pri bolezni Parkinsona.

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of a proprietary method based on stimulation of the hindfoot when lifting the foot from the surface of the support and bringing it forward in the treatment of walking disorders in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 19 patients with walking disorders, akinetic-rigid and mixed form of PD. The stage of the disease on the Hoehn-Yahr scale at the time of the study was 2.56±0,41. During the treatment of walking disorders using the proprietary method, correction of anti-parkinsonian therapy was not carried out. Correction of walking disorders was carried out by using 'activating platforms', which allow mechanical stimulation of the hindfoot at the moment of lifting the foot from the surface of the support. Neurological examination, computer stabilometry (CS), gait function evaluation by means of the LA-1 laser analyzer of kinematic parameters of gait, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) were used before and after treatment. RESULTS: A significant decrease in core values of LA-1 and positive dynamics on BBS, DGI, UPDRS was revealed after treatment. CONCLUSION: The original method based on stimulation of foot lifting from the surface and moving the foot forward, effectively improves the pattern of walking in patients with PD and can be recommended as a non-pharmacological method of treatment of impaired walking at the third stage of PD.

[Projects of distant rehabilitation in neurology. The website of in-home rehabilitation in the territory of Krasnoyarsk Region]. / Proekty distantsionnoi reabilitatsii v nevrologii. Sait domashnei neiroreabilitatsii 'NeiroDom' na territorii Krasnoiarskogo kraia.

At the present time, distant rehabilitation is a relevant direction in restorative medicine. The article considers existing projects in remote rehabilitation, including a self-rehabilitation method developed by academician K.V. Lyadov, the Guided Self-Rehabilitation Contracts system (GSC) etc. The authors present an original project of a remote rehabilitation website 'NeuroHouse' designed for the restoration of balance and gait functions, wrist fine motor skills and speech, spasticity management in patients with neurological diseases. The project combines proprietary rehabilitation methods and classical exercise therapy. This website will make it possible to implement the third ambulatory stage of medical rehabilitation at home.

[Stiff-person syndrome: a clinical observation]. / Sindrom rigidnogo cheloveka: osobennosti klinicheskogo techeniia.

Stiff-person syndrome (SPS) is a rare chronic neurological disease characterized by progressing muscle rigidity and painful muscle spasms. The signs of SPS are pain and stiffness in spinal, abdominal and cervical muscles, increased muscle tonus in extensor muscles of extremities, constant stiffness of paravertebral and abdominal muscles and muscle spasms. A clinical case of a SPS patient T., aged 23 years, is presented. The peculiarity of this case is additional left-sided peripheral upper extremity monoparesis, which is most likely associated with the development of left-sided compression-ischemic brachial plexopathy resulted from profound muscular tonic syndrome in the neck and shoulder girdles.

[Assessment of walking function in neurological practice]. / Otsenka funktsii khod'by v nevrologicheskoi praktike.

An accurate diagnosis of the existing defect of motor function in patients with neurological pathology is necessary for the optimal formulation of the rehabilitation program, selection of drug therapy and evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment. In current clinical practice, clinical scales such as the Dynamic Gait Index, the Rivermid Mobility Index, the Hauser Walk Index, the Stand Up and Go Test, the MDS-UPDRS III are used most often to assess walking function. Evaluation of walking function using valid scales is very accessible, however, it has such a disadvantage as subjectivity. That's why the study of motor functions by instrumental methods gains more prominence. The most well-known methods of objective walking assessment include an analysis of human movements using accelerometers, three-dimensional video analysis, sub-metric, goniometric and impregnation methods. Each of these methods has both advantages and disadvantages. The main requirement to objective methods of assessing walking functions in neurological pathology is the universality of the complex (the accuracy of measurements, regardless of the type of walking disorder), the ability to determine both temporal and spatial characteristics of the step, the ease of use. Considering these requirements, the use of the 'Induction Analyzer of the kinematic parameters of walking' seems promising in the diagnosis of motor disorders.

[Efficacy, tolerability and safety of the treatment with teberif: the results of a 2-year randomized clinical trial of treatment naïve patients with remitting multiple sclerosis, who have not received DMT, after switching from other interferon ß-1a]. / Éffektivnost', perenosimost' i bezopasnost' terapii preparatom teberif: rezul'taty dvukhletnego klinicheskogo issledovaniia u patsientov s remittiruiushchim rasseiannym sklerozom, ranee ne poluchavshikh PITRS, i pri perekliuchenii s drugogo interferona ß-1a.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate efficacy, safety, and tolerability of the treatment with teberif/interferon ß-1a, to analyze safety, tolerability and dynamics of key efficacy variables after switching from referent drug rebif to biosimilar teberif in patients with remitting multiple sclerosis (RMS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: During the main period of the international multicenter randomized study patients were randomized to receive treatment with teberif for 52 weeks, or rebif for 52 weeks, or placebo for 16 weeks to evaluate efficacy and safety of treatment. After the main study period, patients were group-independently switched to take open-label teberif treatment during the next 48 weeks. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The analysis of multiple evaluation parameters of the efficiency during the 1st study period (blinded) and the 2nd study period (open-label) has shown that teberif and rebif demonstrate equivalent efficacy and stable 2-year efficacy of teberif was proven. There were no significant differences between teberif and rebif for all safety, and tolerability parameters. Switching from rebif to teberif didn't influence treatment efficacy. The 2-year study results confirmed a biosimilar teberif's benign tolerability and expected safety profile to other interferons ß-1a in patients with RMS.

[The optimization of restoration approaches of advanced hand activity using the sensorial glove and the mCIMT method]. / Optimizatsiia podkhodov k vosstanovleniiu tonkoi motoriki kisti s ispol'zovaniem sensornoi perchatki i metoda mCIMT.

AIM: To reason the choice of methods of restoration of advanced hand activity depending on severity of motor disturbance in the top extremity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty-eight patients were randomized into 3 groups: 1) the mCIMT group, 2) the 'touch glove' group, 3) the control group. For assessment of physical activity of the top extremity Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Extremity, Nine-Hole Peg Test, Motor Assessment Scale were used. Assessment of non-use phenomenon was carried out with the Motor Activity Log scale. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At a stage of severe motor dysfunction, there was a restoration of proximal departments of a hand in all groups, neither method was superior to the other. In case of moderate severity of motor deficiency of the upper extremity the most effective was the method based on the principle of biological feedback - 'a touch glove'. In the group with mild severity of motor dysfunction, the best recovery was achieved in the mCIMT group.

[A comparative clinical study of the efficacy of computer cognitive training in patients with post-stroke cognitive impairments]. / Éffektivnost' komp'iuternogo kognitivnogo treninga u patsientov s postinsul'tnymi kognitivnymi narusheniiami.

AIM: To assess the effectiveness of neuropsychological computer programs in comparison with entertainment computer games. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients (n=68), aged 40-65 years, were randomized into three groups: an intervention group (neuropsychological computer programs), an active control group (entertaining computer games), a passive control group (conventional treatment). RESULTS: An analysis of the coefficient of effectiveness showed significant improvements in the intervention group comparing with the passive control group (MoCA, MMSE, Schulte test) and the active control group (MoCA). CONCLUSION: Neuropsychological computer programs confirmed their effectiveness for recovery of post stroke cognitive impairments comparing with conventional treatment and entertainment computer games as well.

[A comparative placebo-controlled clinical study on the efficacy and safety of interferon beta-1a for subcutaneous injections in patients with remitting multiple sclerosis: results of the first year of observations]. / Sravnitel'noe platsebo-kontroliruemoe klinicheskoe issledovanie éffektivnosti i bezopasnosti preparatov interferona beta-1a dlia podkozhnogo vvedeniia u patsientov s remittiruiushchim rasseiannym sklerozom: rezul'taty pervogo goda nabliudeniia.

AIM: To prove the equivalent efficacy of teberif (BCD-033, interferon beta-1) and rebif (interferon beta-1a) in patients with remitting multiple sclerosis (RMS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A multicenter double blind placebo-controlled comparative randomized III phase study included 163 patients with RMS. Patients were randomized into three equal groups (teberif, rebif or placebo). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 52 weeks, the equivalent efficacy of teberif and the brand drug rebif was shown. The result of assessment of the primary endpoint, which was combined unique active (CUA) lesion (the total of MRI T1-weighted lesions and new or newly enlarging T2-weighted lesions, without double counting of lesions with both activities), showed no significant differences (0.727±1.042 and 0.652±1.059 (p=0.7354, t-Student test) in the teberif and rebif groups, respectively. No between-group differences were found for other MRI indices and clinical parameters related with relapses. Teberif was shown to have a favorable safety and tolerability profile comparable to that of rebif. The results suggest the therapeutic equivalency of the drugs and form the basis for using the bioanalogue of interferon-beta 1 in patients with RMS.

[The application of the Multi-Touch pad for the evaluation of the fine motor activity of the wrist]. / Otsenka tonkoi motoriki kisti s ispol'zovaniem sensornoi paneli mul'ti-tach.

AIM: The objective of the present study was to elaborate the method for the evaluation of the fine motor activity of the wrist in the patients presenting with wrist movement disorders resulting from central hemiparesis and to demonstratee the reliability of such method through the calculation of the standard error of measurements and minimal the detectable change (MDC95%). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study population was comprised of 42 patients who had undergone ischaemic stroke and suffered from the impairment of the upper limb functions . The deficit of the fine motor skills was estimated with the use of the original multi-touch diagnostic technique. The results of the assessment were compared with those of the measurement of upper limb motor activity based on the validated scales, such as the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) scale and the Nine Hole Peg Test (PHT). RESULTS: The study with the application of the multi-touch method for diagnostics of the fine motor skills has demonstrated the high internal consistency of the measurements, with the Cronbach's Alpha Reliability Coefficient amounting to 0.98. The re-test reliability was high, with the ICC=0.98 (95% CI 0.97-0.99). The Spearman rank-order correlation with the locomotion scale estimates gave evidence of the good associative links, with the Fugl-Meyer Assessment scale correlation coefficient making 0.55-0.66 and the Nine Hole Peg Test findings being -0.7. The Minimal Detectable Change (MDC95%) for the multi-touch method was found to be 12.67%. CONCLUSION: The objective diagnostics of the fine motor skill disturbances with the use of the original multi-touch method has demonstrated its high reliability and a high degree of correlation with the estimates obtained with the application of the modern validated scales in the patients who had undergone ischaemic stroke. Therefore, this method can be recommended for clinical use.

[Correction of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in cardiosurgery using computer-based stimulation programs]. / Korrektsiya posleoperatsionnoi kognitivnoi disfunktsii v kardiokhirurgii s ispol'zovaniem komp'yuternykh stimuliruyushchikh programm.

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of computer-based stimulation programs in the correction of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in patients with ischemic heart disease in remote period after coronary artery bypass surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study involved 74 patients. All patients underwent a drug therapy and the rehabilitation course using computer-based stimulation programs (1 time per day for 20 minutes during10 days). Coronary artery bypass surgery was performed for all patients. Patients were examined before operation, after 6 and 12 months. RESULTS: The significant improvement of higher cortical functions assessed with the FAB scale, the Schulte test, associated thinking test, ten-word retrieval test at the first attempt, the Clock drawing test) was revealed in the group using computer-based stimulation programs in comparison with the control group. CONCLUSION: It is found that rehabilitation course using computer-based stimulation programs in patients with ischemic heart disease after coronary artery bypass surgery is the effective method of cognitive function correction.

[The role of vascular endothelial growth factor in the regulation of development and functioning of the brain: new target molecules for pharmacotherapy].

Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) have been shown to participate in atherosclerosis, arteriogenesis, cerebral edema, neuroprotection, neurogenesis, angiogenesis, postischemic brain and vessel repair. Most of these actions involve VEGF-A and the VEGFR-2 receptor. VEGF signaling pathways represent an important potential for treatment of neurological diseases affecting the brain.