ABSTRACT
Microsatellite instability, which is caused by a deficiency in the DNA unpaired nucleotide repair system, is an important pathogenetic event for some tumors. In addition, the detection of this molecular feature becomes an independent prognostic factor in the course of the disease and a predictor for the appointment of therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Immunohistochemistry is a reliable and available method for detecting a deficiency in the DNA mismatch repair system, and it has recommended as a screening for hereditary syndromes associated with microsatellite instability. This article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of this research method from the point of view of the practitioner.
Subject(s)
Brain Neoplasms , Colorectal Neoplasms , Humans , Microsatellite Instability , Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology , Brain Neoplasms/genetics , DNA , Microsatellite RepeatsABSTRACT
Adenocarcinoma of the colon in 10-20% is associated with microsatellite instability, which can occur both in sporadic cancers and in hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer. Our analysis of 195 cases of adenocarcinoma of the colon showed that microsatellite instability (MSI-H) was found only in 1.5% of patients. Subsequent choice of patients with suspected hereditary Lynch syndrome led to the identification of additional 17 patients with microsatellite instability. They passed an analysis of genes of repair system of unpaired nucleotides of DNA. The study showed that immunohistochemical staining of MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, PMS2 could effectively conduct a preliminary screening of the Lynch syndrome but was unable to divide cases of sporadic and hereditary MSI-H colon cancer.
Subject(s)
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/analysis , Adenocarcinoma/chemistry , Adenosine Triphosphatases/analysis , Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Colonic Neoplasms/chemistry , Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis/chemistry , DNA Repair Enzymes/analysis , DNA-Binding Proteins/analysis , Microsatellite Instability , MutS Homolog 2 Protein/analysis , Nuclear Proteins/analysis , Adenocarcinoma/diagnosis , Adenocarcinoma/genetics , Adult , Aged , Colonic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Colonic Neoplasms/genetics , Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Male , Middle Aged , Mismatch Repair Endonuclease PMS2 , MutL Protein Homolog 1 , Predictive Value of Tests , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
Correlation between level of ALDH1 expression and metastases development in patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma was not revealed. Proliferation of stem cancer cells (ALDH1-positive) was significantly lower comparatively ALDH-1 negative tumor cells (p < 0.001). Proliferation of stem cancer cells vary from 0,1% to 10%.
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Cell Proliferation , Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology , Isoenzymes/metabolism , Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology , Retinal Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Adenocarcinoma/metabolism , Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family , Colorectal Neoplasms/metabolism , Humans , Ki-67 Antigen/metabolism , Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolismSubject(s)
Carcinogenesis , Chemokines/metabolism , Neoplasms/metabolism , Neoplasms/pathology , Neoplastic Stem Cells , Receptors, Chemokine/metabolism , Animals , Carcinogenesis/immunology , Carcinogenesis/metabolism , Carcinogenesis/pathology , Chemokines/immunology , Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/immunology , Humans , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/immunology , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/metabolism , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology , Neoplasms/immunology , Neoplastic Stem Cells/immunology , Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism , Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology , Receptors, Chemokine/immunologyABSTRACT
Russian Academy for Further Medical Education, St. Petersburg A clinical-statistical analysis of chemotherapeutic treatment of 198 gynecological cancer patients in an outpatient clinic and 226 ones in a hospital. It was concluded that was no difference in the treatment effectiveness, as well as in the incidence of hematological and non-hematological complications.
Subject(s)
Ambulatory Care Facilities , Ambulatory Care , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Genital Neoplasms, Female/drug therapy , Outpatients , Quality of Life , Ambulatory Care Facilities/statistics & numerical data , Ambulatory Care Facilities/trends , Anemia, Hypochromic/chemically induced , Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Carboplatin/administration & dosage , Cisplatin/administration & dosage , Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage , Deoxycytidine/administration & dosage , Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives , Doxorubicin/administration & dosage , Endometrial Neoplasms/drug therapy , Female , Hospitalization , Humans , Middle Aged , Neutropenia/chemically induced , Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy , Paclitaxel/administration & dosage , Russia , Thrombocytopenia/chemically induced , Treatment Outcome , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/drug therapy , GemcitabineABSTRACT
Fifty-four (54) breast cancer patients, receiving tamoxifen, were enrolled into an evaluation of the status of the endometrium. Liquid-based cytology and immuno-cytochemical analysis were used for assessment. Our method proved viable in selective screening for differential diagnosis of endometrial pathology and cancer detection.
