[INVESTIGATION OF IRON, ZINC, STABLE STRONTIUM AND LITHIUM CONTENT IN BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS AND TISSUES DURING EXPERIMENTAL SPACE FLIGHT SIMULATION].

In an experiment with space flight simulation, atomic emission spectral analysis with inductively coupled argon plasma was employed to measure iron, zinc, stable strontium and lithium in blood serum and its ultrafiltered fraction, and excretion with daily urine and hair. Monitoring of serum iron and its ultraviolet fraction showed good balance of these parameters in all periods of the experiment. Blood serum was found to contain exclusively iron bound with protein carriers. In the experiment, serum zinc was distinctively dependent on the nutrient status. Stable strontium excretion with daily urine can be a biological indicator of its homeostasis. The experiment factors had no effect on the lithium form in serum, i.e. lithium was invariably present in the ionized form and in quantities equal to ultrafiltered lithium in all blood samples in all periods of the experiment.

[Age and gender characteristics of the content of macro- and trace elements in the organisms of the children from the European North].

By means of the nuclear-emission spectral analysis with inductively connected argon plasma were studied the contents of 28 macro- and trace elements (Al, Ag, Li, Ba, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, In, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Mo, P, Zn, Se, Tl, Pb, Sr, S, Si) in the hair of children and teenagers living in the European North of the Russian Federation (Arkhangelsk region). There were revealed both: decrease and increase of some elements' contents. Also were revealed the dynamics of mentioned elements contents in the hair of the same children in different years. Significant individual variability of the macro and trace elements' status of children-northerners and some gender dependence were revealed.

[Investigation of the copper content in blood serum and its ultrafiltrate in the conditions of experimental space flight simulation].

In experiment MARS-500 on remote space flight simulation, atomic emission spectral analysis with inductively coupled argon plasma was used to measure serum copper and its ultrafiltration fraction. It was shown that, in contrast to baseline data, the Cu serum level varied within the normal physiological boundaries throughout the entire simulation experiment. These variations were sync in all the serum samples. In several periods in the experiment reductions in serum Cu within the baseline range were equivalent to simultaneous reductions in ceruloplasmin. Amount of the free Cu (ultrafiltration) fraction, i.e. not bound to proteins in blood serum, was constant at all times. Since the simulation experiment is not a perfect analogy of space flight because of nonreproducibility of some factors, ionizing radiation specifically, we should take into consideration shifts in the serum copper balance caused by the action of space radiation on human organism. Radiation-induced imbalance is not only a marker of disturbed oxidase function of blood but also points to a mechanism of potential pathological outcome of toxic excessive copper accumulated in the brain, liver and kidney.

[Magnesium level in human organism during 105-day isolation].

Total and ionized magnesium in blood serum and in daily urine were determined before (baseline values) and on days 30, 60 and 105 of the experiment with 105-d isolation and confinement (Mars-105)/ Magnesium in hair was investigated before (baseline values) and on day-105 of the experiment. The investigations were performed using atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled argon plasma. Changes in magnesium were most significant over the initial 30 days in the experiment. Reduction of serum magnesium was accounted for by the fall in the ionized fraction. In organism magnesium is controlled by the ion-regulatory function of the kidney and varies with individuals. Levels of ionized magnesium in blood serum and excreted with daily urine can serve as indicators of stress resistivity .

[Macro- and micro-element balance in tissue of different organs of experimental animals during their physiological and accelerated (radiation) aging].

By the method of atom-emission spectral analysis with inductive combined argon plasma we researched the containing of Al, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, P, Pb, S, Zn in lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen and hemispheres of brain of female mice CBA line, aged 26 month and 14 months, and on the accelerated radiation aging model composed of mice of the same age and gender. The process of accelerated radiation aging stimulates accumulation of Al in liver and in kidneys; decreasing of containing Cd in lungs and spleen and increasing it in liver; decreasing of containing Co in lungs and spleen and increasing it in kidneys; decreasing of containing Cu in spleen; decreasing of containing Fe in lungs; decreasing of containing Mg in liver; decreasing of containing Mn in lungs and spleen; decreasing of containing Mo in lungs and spleen and increasing of it in liver and kidneys; the containing of Pb is decreased in lungs and increased in liver; the containing of S is decreased in liver and kidneys, the containing of Zn is decreased in liver and spleen (p < 0.05). The disbalance in macro- and microelements homeostasis relates to the system mechanic of aging process, as it is one of the links of interrelated dysfunction of vital functions both separated molecules and regulation systems of organism. We admitted that part of the changing in the system of macro- and microelements balance is connected with possible function of extra factors (toxic microelements), other part (essential macro- and microelements) is consequence of ontogenetic programs of an organism.

Characteristics of the formation of systems activity in the brain and autonomic functions in children in conditions of the European North (discussion paper).

Results obtained from complex medical-physiological investigations performed during 10 scientific expeditions in the Arkhangel'sk Region in 2003-2005 are presented. The effects of climatological-geographic, biogeochemical, and social conditions of the conditions obtaining in the Far North region of Russia on sexual maturation, formation of the structural-functional organization of the brain, autonomic functions, and immunological and biochemical status of schoolchildren were studied using state-of-the-art neurophysiological methods (computerized electroencephalography, computerized rheoencephalography, computerized electric dipole origin tomography, etc.), psychophysiological and psychometric methods (assessment of the state of cognitive and memory functions, Wechsler intellectual scale), along with biochemical assay of monoamine oxidase (MAO, the key enzyme in adrenergic neurotransmitter metabolism) and the liver enzyme butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) and physicochemical analysis of the levels of macroelements and trace elements in the body.

[Characteristics of the brain system activity and vegetative function formation in children under conditions of the European north (a problem study)].

Results of complex medical-physiological research performed during 10 scientific expeditions in Arkhangelsk region in 2003-2005 are presented. Influence of climatic-geographic, biogeochemical and social conditions of North-West region of Russia on sexual maturation, formation of the brain structural-functional organization, vegetative functions, immunological and biochemical status of schoolchildren was studied with the aid of modern neurophysiologic (computer electroencephalography, computer rheoencephalography, computed electric dipole origin tomography, etc.), psychophysiological and psychometric methods (evaluation of cognitive and mnestic functions, Vechsler 1Q estimation), biochemical assessment of monoamine oxidase and butyrylcholinesterase activity, physical-chemical analysis of macro- and microelements in the organism.

[Changes in macro- and micro element composition in the organs of irradiated animals]. / Izmenenie makro- i mikroélementnogo sostava v organakh obluchennykh zhivotnykh.

We studied the content of Al, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, P, Pb, S, and Zn in the liver, kidneys, lungs, and spleen of mice with total radiation dose of 7.5 Gy using atomic emission spectral analysis with an inductively coupled argon plasma. The qualitative content of macro- and microelements and coordination between their concentrations statistically determined from coefficients of linear correlation differ between the tissues of the irradiated and control animals. Radiation damage decreases phosphorus content in all studied organisms and is a marker of disturbed conjugated oxidative phosphorylation. The most significant radiation-induced disturbance of macro- and microelement balance was detected in the spleen; it features decreased content of phosphorus, magnesium, and cobalt, as well as increased content of zinc and aluminum and considerably increased iron content. The revealed macro- and microelements disbalance in spleen, liver, kidneys, and lungs can be considered as a test for primary biological response to radiation damage.

[ A long-term changes of macro- and microelement balance in blood serum, its ultrafiltrates and hairs after exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation]. / Izmenenie makro- i mikroélementnogo balansa v syvorotke krovi, ee ul'trafil'trate i volosakh v otdalennye sroki posle vozdeistviia malykh doz ioniziruiushchei radiatsii.

Using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, we examined the level of Al, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mo, P, Pb, S, and Zn in blood serum, its ultrafiltrates, and hairs of liquidators of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident who were working in the disaster region in 1986-1987. Studies continued over a period of time provided evidence for a distinct change in the balance of macroelements and trace elements in the studied biological substrates of irradiated individuals. An increase in the level of copper in the ultrafiltrate and a marked decrease in the content of zinc in the ultrafiltrate are viewed as key factors in the generation of a response to low doses of ionizing radiation. Concerning the content of iron in hairs, we demonstrate its accelerated removal from the body of liquidators. The altered balance of biotic macroelements, phosphorus, and sulfur remained unchanged when these characteristics were studied as a function of time. We found changes in the ratios of divalent cations, magnesium and zinc, in the ultrafiltrates. The magnesium concentration in the studied biological substrates was the most stable characteristic after irradiation. The level of toxic trace elements (lead, cadmium, and aluminum) did not exceed physiologically acceptable levels, while their content in hairs may be a biological indicator of their accumulation in the body.

[The characteristics of the slow electrical activity of the brain in those who worked in the cleanup of the aftermath of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station]. / Osobennosti medlennoi élektricheskoi aktivnosti golovnogo mozga u likvidatorov posledstvii avarii na Chernobyl'skoi AES.

We studied the slow electrical activity of the brain in people subjected to irradiation as a result of the Chernobyl accident and in healthy donors. The mean constant potential, which is an index of energy metabolism in different regions of the cerebral cortex, is reliably lower in eliminators, as compared to the donors, thus suggesting a postradiation energy deficiency of the brain. The structure of correlations between the constant potential indices is different: the number of significant correlations in the group of eliminators is lower by 30% than in the group of donors, thus suggesting disturbed intercentral relations in the CNS under the conditions of postradiation energy deficiency of the brain.

[Synchronization of changes in the level of direct current potential and concentration of lipid peroxidation products in the developing rat brain]. / Sinkhronizatsiia izmenenii urovnia postoiannogo potentsiala i kontsentratsii produktov perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov golovnogo mozga v ontogeneze u krys.

The dynamics of the level of direct current potentials and the content of lipid hydroperoxides, conjugated dienes, Schiff bases of phospholipids and lipofuscin in the brain of rats during ontogenesis was studied. It is shown that changes in neurophysiological and biochemical characteristics have an M-shaped character. The synchronization of age-dependent changes in the content of lipid peroxidation products and the dynamics of direct current potentials was revealed.

[Physical criteria of pathological processes. I. Change in the functional hemispheric asymmetry at various stages of rheumatic diseases]. / Fizicheskie kriterii patologicheskikh protsessov. I.Izmenenie funktsional'noi mezhpolusharnoi asimmetrii na raznykh stadiiakh revmaticheskikh zabolevanii.

The functional interhemispheric asymmetry of brain in patients with systemic rheumatic diseases was estimated by measuring brain direct current potentials. It is shown that different types of functional interhemispheric asymmetry correspond to different stages of systemic rheumatic diseases. At early stages, the left hemisphere asymmetry dominates, at expressed stages, the right hemisphere asymmetry is prevalent, and the terminal stage is characterized by the loss of functional interhemispheric asymmetry.

[Activity of the autoimmune process during systemic rheumatic diseases and distribution of constant brain potential]. / Aktivnost' autoimmunnogo protsessa pri sistemnykh revmaticheskikh zabolevaniiakh i raspredelenie postoiannogo potentsiala golovnogo mozga.

The data obtained upon examination of patients with systemic rheumatic diseases were analyzed by the methods of multiple regression and step-by-step discriminant analysis. Is was shown that the activity of autoimmune process correlates with the parameters of distribution of constant potential level in the brain of each patient, irrespective of diagnosis. The scatter of potential values was the most important predictor of activity. An increase in the activity of the autoimmune process correlated with a decrease in the scatter of potential values at recording points; the cerebral cortex became equipotential.

[Constant brain potentials as neurophysiological markers of autoimmune process]. / Postoiannye potentsialy golovnogo mozga kak neirofiziologicheskie markery autoimmunnogo protsessa.

Neuroimmune interactions in systemic rheumatic diseases were studied. The state of the central nervous system was assessed from the parameters of constant brain potentials, and the state of the immune system, from a complex of immunobiochemical parameters. The highest multiple correlation coefficients were revealed between the immunobiochemical parameters and the parameters of the constant brain potential, which characterize linear and standard deviations of potentials in temporal zones from potentials at other points of recording. The results are discussed in terms of structural and functional integration of the immune and nervous systems.

[Physical criteria of pathological processes. III. Structure of the correlation between the level of steady brain potential with serum complement proteins in rheumatic diseases]. / Fizicheskie kriterii patologicheskikh protsessov. III. Struktura korreliatsionnoi urovnia postoiannogo potentsiala golovnogo mozga s belkami syvorotochnogo komplementa pri revmaticheskikh zabolevaniiakh.

The activity of serum complement proteins and the level of steady brain potential in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis were determined. The statistical analysis indicated that there is a correlation between the parameters of the complement system and neurophysiological characteristics. The differences between rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus are observed in the mean values of activity of complement proteins and the steady potential, their dispersions, and the structure of correlations between immunological and neurophysiological parameters.

[Dynamics of functional interhemisphere asymmetry and sexual dimorphism in rat ontogenesis]. / Dinamika funktsional'noi mezhpolusharnoi asimmetrii i polovoi dimorfizm v ontogeneze u krys.

The dynamics of functional interhemispherical asymmetry in the ontogenesis of rats, males and females separately, was studied. The asymmetry was determined by the neurophysiological criterion, the interhemispherical gradient of the distribution of direct current potential of the brain. The sexual dimorphism upon age-related changes in the interhemispherical asymmetry was shown. It is assumed that this asymmetry is involved in the dynamics of neuroendocrine interactions determined by sex.

[Systemic organization of functional interhemisphere asymmetry. Mirror asymmetry]. / Sistemnaia organizatsiia funktsional'noi mezhpolusharnoi asimmetrii. Zerkalo asimmetrii.

The systemic organization of hemispherical asymmetry at the behavioral, neurophysiological, and biochemical levels was studied. An interconnection and hierarchic coordination of the parameters of different levels were revealed, which are confirmed by multiple correlations between them. An interrelation between the processes of peroxidation of brain membrane lipids, the level of direct current potential, and the behavior of animals was shown. A significant difference in correlations between right-hander and left-hander animals was found.

[Physical criteria of pathological processes. II. Modulating role of functional interhemisphere asymmetry in forming and immune response in rheumatic diseases]. / Fizicheskie kriterii patologicheskikh protsessov. II. Moduliruiushchaia rol' funktsional'noi mezhpolusharnoi asimmetrii v formirovanii immunnogo otveta pri revmaticheskikh zabolevaniiakh.

The level of the brain permanent potential as a physiological criterion of the functional interhemisphere asymmetry, as well as immunological and biochemical characteristics of peripheral blood in patients with systemic rheumatic diseases were studied. It was found that the distribution of the characteristics of immune response in patients with different types of interhemisphere asymmetry. Significant differences were observed for average values of biochemical and immunological characteristics, their dispersions, as well as for the structure of relationships between the type of the interhemisphere asymmetry and immunobiochemical characteristics.

[Asymmetry of aging of the large hemispheres of the rat brain]. / Asimmetriia stareniia bol'shikh polusharii golovnogo mozga krys.

The dynamics of the accumulation of free-radical oxidation products in the brain hemispheres of rats in rate ontogenesis was studied. Multiphase changes in the concentration of products in the right and left hemispheres in different age groups were registered. Significant differences in the contents of hydroperoxides, Schiff's bases of phospholipids and lipofuscin in brain hemispheres revealed, which correlates with different rate of ageing of hemispheres.