[The use of the parameters of chlorophyll a fluorescence induction for assessment of plant state under anthropogenic load].

The technique for recording of chlorophyll a fluorescence induction kinetics has been used for assessment of the physiological state of leaves of tillet (Tilia cordata), pendent white birch (Betula pendula), American arborvitae (Thuja occidentalis) in urban environments. Different sensitivity of plants to adverse growing conditions was observed. The most sensitive JIP test parameters such as PI(ABS), F(V)/F(0), F(V)/F(M), R(fd) are determined to be used as indicators of the physiological state of urban phytocenosis. Recommendations for the application of this technique in monitoring studies are given.

[Monitoring of the Moskva River Water Using Microbiological Parameters and Chlorophyll a Fluorescence].

The results of investigations of three Moskva River sites with different degree of pollution using a complex of microbiological characteristics and the parameters of chlorophyll a fluorescence are presented. We determined that the bacterioplankton seasonal dynamics at less polluted waters (Tushino and Vorobyovy Gory) were similar and differed significantly from one in more polluted waters (Dzerzhinskii). The number of bacteria with active electron transport chain, as well as their share in the bacterioplankton structure, was higher in the water of Dzerzhinskii (average annual values of 0.23 x 10(6) cells/mL and 14%), that in the less polluted water of Tushino and Vorobyovy Gory (0.14 x 10(6) cells/mL; 6% and 0.15 x 10(6) cells/mL; 7%, respectively). From April to October, the content of chlorophyll a and its photosynthetic activity were the highest in Tushino. In Dzerzhinskii, during spring the increase in photosynthetic activity commenced earlier and was more intensive that the increase in chlorophyll a content, i.e., the increase in phytoplankton biomass was temporarily suppressed. We suggest association of this phenomenon with suppression of organic matter synthesis by phytoplankton due to the high water pollution in Dzerzhinskii. The second autumn peak of chlorophyll a content, that was typical of clear water and was observed in Tushino, did not occur in Dzerzhinskii. We recommend combined application of these microbiological parameters and characteristics of chlorophyll a fluorescence for a monitoring.

[Effect of Methylmercury on the Light Dependence Fluorescence Parameters in a Green Alga Chlamydomonas moewusii].

The effect of a dangerous toxic substance, methylmercury, on light dependence curves of chlorophyll fluorescence in Chlamydomonas moewusii was studied. We found low concentration of methylmercury (10(-7) M) to cause a decrease in the relative rate of the non-cyclic electron transport activity of PS 2, a decline in the maximum utilization of light energy (α), and a decline in the saturation light intensity (E(s)). Non-photochemical fluorescence quenching increased after short-term exposure and decreased in the course of prolonged incubation. These parameters were more sensitive to the action of the toxic substance than the widely used parameter F(V)/F(M), which reflects the maximum quantum yield of PS 2. We propose the use of the method of fast measurement of light dependence curves of fluorescence to detect the changes in algal cells at the early stages of exposure to mercury salts.

[Association between Mycoplasma genitalium and preterm labor]. / Vruzkata na mycoplasma genitalium s prezhdevremennite rozhdaniia.

M. genitalium was identified by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The samples were obtained from the posterior vaginal fornix between 21-25 gestation weeks and investigated for PH, Gram Stain for bacterial vaginosis; Chlamidia trachomartis; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Trichomonas vaginalis. Of 102 pregnant women, only five had a PCR-positive for M. genitalium. The occurrence of M. genitalium in posterior vaginal fornix at midtrimester is infrequent in pregnant women and unlikely to be a contributing factor for spontaneous preterm birth.

[Fetal shoulder girdle dystocia during labor]. / Distotsiia na ramenniia poias na ploda po vreme na razhdane.

Shoulder dystocia occurred in 98 women (0.9%) among 10,695 deliveries during the period of 1986-1988. The most frequent cause was overweight and strangulated umbilical cord. The following maneuvers were used: pressure on the uterine fundus, strong flexion of legs (maneuver of Knebel-Macroberts-Korokawa) and in 12 cases--extraction of the posterior hand. The head should be rotated to the opposite thigh of the parturient in cases with incorrect rotation of the head--the most frequent cause for low shoulder dystocia. Prophylactic measures are of special significance: cesarean section in women with large fetus, estimated by ultrasound, or with fetus with thoracic diameter larger than biparietal diameter with 1.5 sm. The delivery should be managed by the most experienced obstetricians and should not be protracted or precipitate without indications.

[Abruptio placentae in the data from the obstetrical clinics in Varna, Tolbukhin and Shumen during 1984-1987]. / Abruptio placentae vurkhu material na klinikite po akusherstvo vuv Varna, Tolbukhin i Shumen za perioda 1984--1987 g.

Abruptio placentae was established in 202 pregnancies out of 43,678 pregnancies (0.48%). Pre-eclampsia was diagnosed in 76 women as well (37.6%). Caesarean section was performed in 109 women as vital maternal indications were found in 43 of them. 139 children were born alive (67.8%), but the perinatal mortality was 43.9% (90 children). The maternal mortality was 1.98% (4 women). Caesarean section should be made only in women with alive infant, but obligatory in all cases with severe separation, if preconditions for quick management of delivery by vaginal way lack. Vaginal delivery is recommended in all milder cases and dead fetus, but the duration of delivery should not surpass 6 hours. Total hysterectomy and tamponade of the operative field and vagina should be performed in women with persistent bleedings, but in grave cases a ligature of the hypogastric arteries as well. All interventions should be done after application of intensive infusion, transfusion and other reanimation. The authors propose a scheme for medicamentous treatment.