ABSTRACT
This article reports a secondary analysis of past therapy outcome meta-analysis. Fifteen meta-analysis provided effect sizes from 56 studies in previous reviews that met 1 of 3 increasingly stringent levels of criteria for clinical representativeness. The effect sizes were synthesized and compared with results from the original meta-analyses. Effect sizes from more clinically representative studies are the same size at all 3 criteria levels as in past meta-analyses. Almost no studies exist that meet the most stringent level of criteria. Results are interpreted cautiously because of controversy about what criteria best capture the notion of clinical representativeness, because so few experiments have tested therapy in clinical conditions, and because other models for exploring the generalizability of therapy outcome research to clinical conditions might yield different results.
Subject(s)
Psychotherapy , Humans , Meta-Analysis as Topic , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Results of a national survey on mental health services for adults with mild mental retardation sent to directors of psychological services at community mental health centers was discussed. In general, adults with mild mental retardation were less likely to receive the full array of available services. Individuals with mental retardation were not frequent consumers of community mental health services and received differential treatment at these Centers. Implications of these findings were discussed.
Subject(s)
Community Mental Health Centers/standards , Intellectual Disability/rehabilitation , Community Mental Health Centers/organization & administration , Female , Health Surveys , Humans , Male , Mental Disorders/classification , Mental Disorders/therapy , Practice Patterns, Physicians' , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
The robustness of the diagnostic overshadowing bias was examined by (a) testing the relation of overshadowing to level of mental retardation, (b) reexamining the effect of clinical experience in a more sensitive analysis, and (c) extending previous results to rehabilitation counselors. Diagnostic overshadowing was found with individuals with an IQ of 58, but did not generalize to those with IQs 70 or 80. This finding does not support the saliency hypothesis proposed by Reiss and his colleagues. In contrast to earlier studies, experience was related to overshadowing, although results were mixed. Experience measured by number of clients seen was not significant, whereas longevity in the field of mental retardation was associated with increased overshadowing.
Subject(s)
Attitude of Health Personnel , Intellectual Disability/diagnosis , Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Adaptation, Psychological , Adult , Combined Modality Therapy , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Intellectual Disability/rehabilitation , Intelligence , Mental Disorders/rehabilitation , Schizophrenia/diagnosisABSTRACT
Three self-report measures of depression were administered to mildly mentally retarded adults who lived in the community. The measures were significantly correlated, and on two of the measures subjects scored significantly higher than did nonretarded adults according to norms. Almost half of the subjects scored in the "clinically significant" range on the two measures. Results suggest that mildly retarded adults may experience depression at a higher rate than do nonretarded persons.
Subject(s)
Depressive Disorder/complications , Intellectual Disability/complications , Adult , Depressive Disorder/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Male , Personality InventoryABSTRACT
Investigated the validity of using the PPVT -R with mildly mentally retarded adults. The PPVT -R, PPVT , and WAIS-R were administered to 21 Ss, and WAIS scores were obtained from client files. Results indicated that the revised Peabody tended to yield significantly lower estimates of functioning than did the other measures. Implications are discussed.
