ABSTRACT
Prevalence of hyperglycemia-related posttraumatic stress (PTS) was assessed in 239 adults with type 1 diabetes using the posttraumatic stress diagnostic scale (PDS; Foa, Posttraumatic stress diagnostic scale manual, National Computer Systems, Inc., Minneapolis, 1995) by an anonymous online survey. Additionally, this study aimed to identify variables related to hyperglycemia-related PTS. Over 30 % of participants reported symptoms consistent with PTSD related to hyperglycemia with standard PDS scoring, and 10 % with more conservative scoring. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that diabetes self-management behavior and perceived helplessness about hyperglycemia predicted PTSD with standard scoring. Perceived death threat, self-management behavior, helplessness about hyperglycemia, and severity of hypoglycemia in past month predicted PTSD using more conservative scoring. Perceived helplessness, hypoglycemia severity, perceived death-threat, HbA1c, and self-management behavior predicted PTS severity. When fear, helplessness, and perceived death-threat were combined to represent an overall cognitive appraisal factor, this variable was the strongest predictor of PTSD and PTS severity. Scores for PTSD symptom clusters appeared similar to data on hypoglycemia-related PTS.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications , Hyperglycemia/complications , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/complications , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Individuals receiving inpatient psychiatric care (n = 32) were randomized to receive either brief music therapy or group therapy that constitutes the current standard of care (SOC), and completed measures of depression, mood, quality of life (QOL), and hope pre- and post-intervention. Group dynamics were evaluated by the therapists. Results indicate that significantly more patients in the music therapy group showed an increase in QOL than those in the SOC group. Regarding group dynamics, the music groups scored significantly higher on conflict and significantly lower on avoidance. Results of this study suggest that group music therapy in inpatient psychiatric settings may be as effective as SOC groups, more effective at impacting QOL, and more effective for particular diagnostic populations. Further research is needed to fully understand the impact of music therapy in this setting.
ABSTRACT
Community mental health clinicians are likely to find their case loads composed of women who have complicated trauma histories. In response to the absence of comprehensive treatment for trauma survivors within the community mental health system, an alternative model, Overcoming Pain and Adversity in Life (OPAL) is offered. As an intensive treatment program, OPAL is structured in a triphase format to accommodate the individual needs of each woman and to promote symptom reduction and/or resolution.
Subject(s)
Community Mental Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/therapy , Adult , Comprehensive Health Care , Female , Humans , Hypnosis , Memory , Professional Competence , Self-Injurious Behavior , Teaching/methods , Transference, PsychologyABSTRACT
Depression represents a major source of disability among individuals who have suffered a traumatic brain injury (TBI), with estimates of prevalence in this population ranging over 50%. In comparison with other sequelae of TBI, depression is often poorly conceptualized and treated among acute care and rehabilitation professionals. One reason for this is the lack of clear etiological models for the development of depression following TBI. This paper argues that post-TBI depression actually represents a heterogeneous category, with multiple etiologic pathways and clinical implications. The literature in this area is reviewed, with an emphasis on an appreciation of the diversity within this clinical population. Conclusions focus on suggestions for differential diagnosis and treatment options.
Subject(s)
Brain Damage, Chronic/complications , Brain Injuries/complications , Depressive Disorder/etiology , Neuropsychological Tests/statistics & numerical data , Brain/pathology , Brain Damage, Chronic/diagnosis , Brain Damage, Chronic/psychology , Brain Damage, Chronic/rehabilitation , Brain Injuries/diagnosis , Brain Injuries/psychology , Brain Injuries/rehabilitation , Depressive Disorder/diagnosis , Depressive Disorder/psychology , Depressive Disorder/rehabilitation , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Mental Status Schedule , Prognosis , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
The symptoms of child sexual abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affect a child's self-efficacy. A child's self-efficacy beliefs impact the course and treatment of PTSD, because perceived self-efficacy plays a mediating role in children's ability to cope with trauma. Self-efficacy research indicates that emotional competence can be learned and may provide treatment for PTSD that provides symptom reduction as well as a means of substituting problem-solving coping skills for emotion-focused coping skills.
