ABSTRACT
The present paper comprises a systematic survey of nematodes found in 88 specimens of 24 species of freshwater fishes in Venezuela in 1992 and 1994. The following 13 species of nematodes were recorded: Adults; Guyanema longispiculum Moravec, Prouza et Royero, 1996, Guyanema sp., Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus Travassos, Artigas et Pereira, 1928, P. (S.) krameri (Petter, 1974) comb. n., P.(S.) pintoi (Kohn et Fernandes, 1988) comb, n., Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) sp., Raphidascaris (Sprentascaris) mahnerti (Petter et Cassone, 1984). Larvae: Anisakidae gen. sp., Brevimulticaecum sp., Contracaecum sp. Type 1, Contracaecum sp. Type 2, Contracaecum sp. Type 3, Eustrongylides sp. All these parasites are reported from Venezuela for the first time and all findings represent new host records. Brevimulticaecum larvae are reported from fishes for the first time. Almost all parasites are briefly described and illustrated and problems concerning their morphology, taxonomy, hosts and geographical distribution are discussed. A new name, Terranova diazungriai nom.nov. is proposed for T. caballeroi Díaz-Ungría, 1968 (a junior homonym of T. caballeroi Barus et Coy Otero, 1966).
Subject(s)
Fish Diseases/parasitology , Nematoda/classification , Nematode Infections/veterinary , Animals , Data Collection , Female , Fishes , Fresh Water , Male , Nematoda/anatomy & histology , VenezuelaABSTRACT
A new nematode species, Guyanema longispiculum sp. n. is described from the abdominal cavity of the freshwater armoured catfish, Loricariichthys brunneus (Hancock), from two localities in western Venezuela. It differs from all hitherto known members of the genus in having unusually long spicules (0.480-0.609 mm) and from individual species also by other morphological and biometrical features. It is characterized by the presence of eight cephalic papillae arranged in two circlets, localization of deirids anterior to the nerve ring, a conical, undivided tip of the tail in both sexes, four pairs of preanal and six pairs of postanal papillae in the male, and a markedly elevated vulva in the female. A key to species of Guyanema is presented.
Subject(s)
Catfishes/parasitology , Dracunculoidea/classification , Abdomen/parasitology , Animals , Dracunculoidea/isolation & purification , Female , Fish Diseases/parasitology , Male , Spirurida Infections/parasitology , VenezuelaABSTRACT
At the end of 1988 eight rainbow trouts Pd1 and nine rainbow trouts Pd2 were investigated at localities N and D with the increased mortality of rainbow trout. The pathological finding in dead and killed trout corresponded to the changes which are described in the so called ERM (enteric redmouth) salmonids. At the beginning of the year a similar case was found at locality B where 12 rainbow trouts Pd2 were examined. In the same period 15 trouts Pd2 at locality M were examined in which no large pathomorphological changes were observed. From the organs and intestines of locality N trout, from the intestines of locality D trout and the organs of locality B trout, in total 16 bacterial cultures were isolated, the morphological and biochemical characteristics of which correspond to the description of Y. ruckeri (Ross et al., Ewing et al., 1978). Fifteen sorbitol-nonfermenting strains came from the cases with clinical and pathomorphological findings while the only sorbitol-fermenting strain was isolated from a symptom-free carrier. These findings demonstrate that in the Czechoslovak conditions it is not possible to omit the difference in the virulence of sorbitol-fermenting and sorbitol-nonfermenting strains to rainbow trout.
Subject(s)
Trout/microbiology , Yersinia/isolation & purification , Animals , CzechoslovakiaABSTRACT
A case of the mass occurrence of a disease in the aquarium fish species Betta splendens is described; morphologically the disease was characterized by the finding of large dermal changes located mainly in the dorsal part and by miliary granulomata in liver, spleen and kidneys. The granulomata consisted of epitheloid light cells with centrally located necrosis. Gram-negative bacteria with morphological and biochemical characteristics corresponding to the bacterial species Edwardsiella tarda were isolated from the kidneys, liver and from the dermal lesion. The characteristics of the strains isolated by us were compared with the reference Edwardsiella strain (Bth 1/64) obtained from the Czechoslovak collection of type cultures, Prague.
