Synthesis and anti-HIV properties of 1,2,4,6-thiatriazin-3-one 1,1-dioxide nucleosides.

Synthesis of 1,2,4,6-thiatriazine 1,1-dioxide nucleosides is now reported for the first time. In order to know the conformation of the nucleosides, a NMR study has been carried out. Anti-HIV-1 and HIV-2 properties of the nucleosides have been tested. These compounds have not shown activity at subtoxic concentrations.

[Drug utilization studies]. / Estudios de utilización de medicamentos.

Studies in drug utilization allow us to study different aspects of the use of drugs and to implement ways of improving therapeutic quality, bearing in mind the fact that health resources are limited. The aim of this work is to give a panoramic view of the various aspects of medicine use studies: origins, aims, methodology.

[Daily defined doses of parkinsonian drugs in Alcoi]. / Dosis diarias definidas de fármacos antiparkinsonianos en Alcoi.

BACKGROUND: Some authors have suggested that the use of DDD (defined daily doses) of L-dopa may be useful as an indicator of the frequency of Parkinson's disease. AIM: To determine the measurement for L-dopa and selegiline in Alcoi. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We have obtained the intakes for L-dopa and selegiline between January and December, 1990 and we have calculated the DDD/1,000 inhab/day. RESULTS: During the study period, we have found that the mean intakes were 18,000.969 mg and 53,800 mg for L-dopa and selegiline, respectively. And so, the L-dopa intake in Alcoi was 0.60 DDD/ 1,000 inh, and the selegiline intake was 0.21 DDD/1,000 inh. DISCUSSION: Comparing the other data of the literature, specially in scandinavian countries, the obtained intake for L-dopa was low, and that could indicate that the frequency of the disease in Alcoi was lower.

[Characteristics of tobacco use among the primary health care personnel in Guadalajara]. / Características del tabaquismo en el personal de Atención Primaria del Area Sanitaria de Guadalajara.

BACKGROUND: Tobaccoism is one of the most important social and health problems that exists. Given the role of Health Profesionals as educators and their example within the community, this particular group of people are vital in preventing and controlling tobaccoism. The purpose of this study was to identify the number and type of smokers working as professional health personnel in the Guadalajara Primary Medical Care Services, as well as their attitudes and knowledge in relation to the problem. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out by means of a survey of all Guadalajara Primary Medical Care Personnel (doctors, nurses and other professionals). Data was compiled on social and demographic factors as well as the use of tobacco and awareness, attitudes and opinions: results were then analysed according to age, sex, occupation, working environment and degree of addiction. RESULTS: The rate of response was 86.1%. 38.2% claimed to be smokers (34.9% men and 41.2% women). Single male doctors living in urban areas showed the lowest rate of tobaccism. The majority of smokers did so at work, however not in front of patients, 63.2% had tried to give up smoking. The main cause of failure was attributed to lack of willpower (45.9%). 79.7% of ex-smokers had given up the habit after diagnosis of a health problem or illness. With respect to awareness and attitude, it was the medical profession and not tobaccoism itself that provided the most effective information and created less permissiveness in relation to the habit. Over 90% are in favour of initiating anti-smoking programs in Health Departments. CONCLUSIONS: A significant number of smokers in the sector was recorded, however attitudes towards the problem were positive.

Plasma arginine vasopressin concentration during laparoscopy.

Plasma arginine vasopressin concentration (pAVP) was determined in 47 patients during the insufflation stage of laparoscopy. Laparoscopy was performed under local anesthesia in 39 patients, and under general anesthesia in 8. Pneumoperitoneum was induced with 3-4 1 nitrous oxide to a maximum intra-abdominal pressure of 10 mm Hg. Induction of pneumoperitoneum resulted in a prompt and significant increase in pAVP in every case. In 34% of cases, pAVP increased two- to fivefold as compared with preinduction levels; in 44.7% of cases, elevations of more than fivefold were seen. Increased arginine vasopressin secretion was not related to underlying liver disease, degree of anxiety, changes in blood pressure, heart rate, pCO2, pO2, serum bicarbonate or plasma osmolality. Elevated pAVP was associated with a significant increase in right atrial pressure. In conclusion, abdominal distension during laparoscopy was accompanied by an increase in pAVP. It seems likely that arginine vasopressin response could be due to a decrease in the left atrial transmural pressure gradient.