[The effect of vasotocin and mesotocin on the suprarenal gland of the frog Rana temporaria in vivo and in vitro]. / Vliianie vazototsina i mezototsina na suprarenalovuiu zhelezu liagushki Rana temporaria in vivo i in vitro.

Biochemical and morphometric analyses have been made of the effects of nonapeptide neurohormones, vasotocin and mesotocin, on the chromaffin tissue of the adrenal gland of the frog, both in vivo and in vitro experiments. It was shown that vasotocin exerts stimulating effect on the suprarenal gland whereas mesotocin inhibits the latter. In vitro experiments revealed that adrenalin may abolish the effect of nonapeptides on the suprarenal gland.

[Microsomal hydroxylating system of the mouse liver in toxic forms of influenza infection]. / Mikrosomnaia gidroksiliruiushchaia sistema pecheni myshei pri toksicheskoi forme grippoznoi infektsii.

The paper presents the experimental model of toxic influenza infection induced by A/Victory/35/72 (H3N2) strain adapted to CBA mice. The virus toxicosis was shown by means of ESR technique to be accompanied by a decrease of both the content of the active form of cytochrome P-450 and the activity of p-nitroanisole o-demethylase. In microsomes there was activation of lipid peroxidation (LP) and an increase of microviscosity of lipid matrix. LP activation in microsomes was not accompanied by the change of alpha-tocopherol content.

[Oxidative phosphorylation in liver mitochondria in toxic form of experimental form of influenza]. / Okislitel'noe fosforilirovanie v mitokhondriiakh pecheni pri toksicheskoi forme éksperimental'noi grippoznoi infektsii.

The effect of free radical processes on the oxidation-phosphorylation activity in the liver of CBA-mice has been studied, using a model of toxic form viral infection. The EPR-spectroscopic and electrochemical methods applied in the study of animals infected with pathogenic form of the influenza virus made it possible to reveal a decrease in the activity of the respiratory chain in mitochondria. This seems likely to be due to accumulation of endogenic nitric oxide in the liver tissue.

[Lipid asymmetry and alpha-tocopherol distribution in outer and inner monolayers of bilayer lipid membranes]. / Asimmetriia lipidov i raspredelenie alfa-tokoferola v naruzhnom i vnutrennem monosloe bisloinykh lipidnykh membran.

Using chemical modification of aminophospholipids (phosphatidylethanolamine, PEA; phosphatidylserin, PS), the location of these phospholipids and their fatty acids has been studied in the inner and outer monolayers of unilayer liposomes. It has been shown that both PEA and PS were located predominantly in the inner monolayer and contained most of the polyenoic fatty acid residues. alpha-tocopherol incorporated into these liposomes was also located predominantly in the inner monolayers. In the liposomes, prepared from a single phospholipid (dioleoylphosphatidylcholine) no asymmetrical distribution of incorporated alpha-tocopherol was observed.

[Effect of the segregation and accumulation of chloroquine and daunorubicin by L cells (LSM subline) on the activity of lysosomal hydrolases]. / Vliianie segregatsii i akkumuliatsii khlorokhina i daunorubitsina kletkami L (sublinii LSM) na aktivnost' lizosomnykh gidrolaz.

Kinetics of chloroquine and daunorubicin (DNR) uptake by cultured L cells (subline LSM) has been studied. With their constant concentrations in the medium the uptake of both chloroquine and DNR was characterized as a two phase process. Within 1.5-2 hours, these cells accumulated as much as 90 per cent of the total chloroquine and DNR amounts taken up during the whole incubation period. The segregation and accumulation of these substances took place in lysosomes. Chloroquine and DNR concentrations within lysosomes exceed those in the medium by 1100 and 5000 times, respectively. The chloroquine and DNR accumulation in lysosomes inhibited activities of some lysosomal hydrolases tested: cathepsins B and D, N-acetyl-beta, D-glucosaminidase and acid phosphatase. Unlike, the activity of acid lipase was not affected by chloroquine, and was sufficiently stimulated (by 55%) by DNR. The mechanism of inhibition of lysosomal enzymes by chloroquine and DNR is not yet known, although some suggestions are made. Possible consequences of lysosomal activity inhibition for cell metabolism are discussed in addition to a possible role of lysosomotropic agents as regulators of lysosomal functional activity.

[Adrenergic innervation and reactivity of the blood vessels of different organs]. / Adrenergicheskaia innervatsiia i reaktivnost' krovenosnykh sosudov razluchnoi organnoi prinadlezhnosti.

The structural and functional heterogeneity in rat mesenteric and hind leg arteries has been established. The results of histochemical, biochemical and physiological studies showed the change of adrenergic plexus density, content and ratio of catecholamines and contractility of smooth muscle cells along the superior mesenteric artery. The proximal part of the artery is sparsely innervated and contains only traces of noradrenaline. It demonstrates small contractile response to nerve stimulation, noradrenaline and potassium chloride. Increased nerve density, noradrenaline content and responsiveness has been revealed in the distal part of the artery. The same correlation between the nerve density and vessel reactivity was obtained in hind leg arteries: the more innervated popliteal artery demonstrates more strong contractile response than the femoral artery. It has been also revealed the organ heterogeneity. In general, hind leg arteries are best innervated, contain more catecholamines and demonstrate increased maximal contractility in comparison to mesenteric arteries. The femoral and popliteal arteries have not phasic contractile activity which is very well expressed in the mesenteric ones.

[Catecholamine content in the wall of the thoracic duct of the dog during postnatal development]. / Soderzhanie katekholaminov v stenke grudnogo limfaticheskogo protoka sobaki v protsesse postnatal'nogo razvitiia.

Studies have been made on the content of catecholamines (norepinephrine, adrenaline, dihydroxyphenylalanine) in the wall of the thoracic lymphatic duct of puppies during their first 3 months of postnatal life. It was found that within this period, the content of norepinephrine increases, that of adrenaline remains unchanged, whereas dihydroxyphenylalanine is detected only in animals of the first month. The increase in norepinephrine content indicates gradual maturation of the adrenergic innervation in the wall of the lymphatic duct.

[Effect of Freund's complete adjuvant on the catecholamine content in the adrenals and brain of white rats]. / Vliianie polnogo ad"iuvanta Freinda na soderzhanie katekholaminov v nadpochechnikakh i mozge belykh krys.

The authors studied the effect of a single subcutaneous injection of 0.3 ml of complete Freund's adjuvant on catecholamine content in the adrenal glands and the brain of Wistar rats. There proved to be a sharp reduction of adrenaline and noradrenaline content per gm of adrenal gland raw tissue, and per one adrenal gland at periods of from 1 to 5 weeks after the adjuvant administration, and also a loss of the adrenal gland weight. A less pronounced, but significant increase in the noradrenaline and DOPA concentration was revealed in the brain tissue during the first week after the adjuvant administration, and, of dopamine at all the periods of study. It is suggested that both the peripheral and central links of the sympathoadrenal system were activated by the nonspecific stimulant.

[Catecholamines of the blood vessels of Rana temporaria frogs]. / Katekholaminy krovenosnykh sosudov liagushki Rana temporaria.

In histochemical (with the glyoxylic acid) and biochemical (spectrofluorimetric trioxyindolic method) investigations sources and content of catecholamines (dopa, noradrenalin, adrenalin) in the blood vessels, sympathetic chains, adrenals and cardiac ventricles have been studied in autumn-winter and spring-summer frogs at various temperatures. It was found that the catecholamines in the studied tissues are located in the sympathetic neurons, adrenergic terminals and chromaffin cells. The ratio of these structures in different tissues was various. It was found that the catecholamine level in frog blood vessels and various organs undergoes seasonal and temperature variations. The increase of temperature from + 5 to 20 degrees caused a decrease in the catecholamine level in the autumn-winter frogs, but increased the catecholamine concentrations over 60--100% in the spring-summer ones.