[Specifics of blood flow in the main portal vein in correlation with patterns of hepatic neoplasia].

We examined 121 patients with solid hepatic masses and 62 healthy volunteers with Doppler ultrasonography. Blood flow in the main portal vein was identified as ante-or retrograde. Hepatofugal blood flow was detected in 3 patients with primary tumors and in 2 with hemangiomas. Arterio-portal fistula was diagnosed in all angiographic findings. In most cases of malignant tumors. Blood flow volume in the main portal vein was either normal or excessive. Our evidence may be instrumental in working out therapeutic strategies for hepatic tumors.

[Imaging of collaterals and their impact on portal venous flow in patients with liver cirrhosis].

When the portal hypertension syndrome occurs, patients with liver cirrhosis develop three major collateral blood flow pathways. These are gastroesophageal, splenorenal, and paraumbilical ones along the recanalized umbilical veins. Only both the splenorenal pathway of blood return from the portal venous system, which considerably reduces portal blood flow volume and the paraumbilical one that increases portal blood flow are of hemodynamic significance.

[Ultrasound diagnosis of acute cancer-related colorectal obstruction]. / Ul'trazvukovaia diagnostika ostroi tolstokishechnoi neprokhodimosti opukholevogo geneza.

Partial or complete obstruction was diagnosed by means of sonography with water filling (hydrosonography) in 48 patients with rectal or colonic cancer. The procedure appeared highly effective in detecting pathological lesions larger than 1.0 cm. It may be useful under urgent surgical conditions as a method of choice in diagnosing the nature of lesion, size, endophytic growth or grade of invasion. Hydrosonography using retrograde contrast filling may considerably enhance the potential of standard and transabdominal scanning.

[Ultrasound study in the diagnosis of small and large intestinal obstruction]. / Ul'trazvukovoe issledovanie v diagnostike tonko- i tolstokishechnoi neprokhodimosti.

The results of ultrasound study were analyzed in 148 and 26 patients with acute small and intestinal obstruction, respectively, the causes of the latter included different diseases of the intestine and abdominal organs. The commonest ultrasound symptoms based on the diameter of the bowel, on the thickness and structure of the intestinal wall, on the status of mucosal motility folds of intestinal loops and on the pattern of motility were defined. They enable one to differentiate large and small intestinal obstruction and to define its degree with a high degree of validity. Abdominal ultrasonography used in the emergency surgical setting may rapidly solve problem in the diagnosis of abnormal changes, differential mechanical and functional ileus in most cases. Dynamic ultrasound monitoring allows the efficiency of the treatment performed to be evaluated.

[Transabdominal ultrasound study of stomach and duodenum: standardization and potentialities]. / Standartizatsiia i vozmozhnosti transabdominalnogo ultrazvukovogo issledovaniia zheludka i dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki.

The paper presents an original procedure for transabdominal ultrasound examination of the stomach and duodenum, which yields an objective piece of information on the status of all wall layers of the above organs. The procedure is rather easy-to-use, noninvasive, and well tolerable. Its efficiency is confirmed by the date of examination of 46 patients.

[Changes in gastric and duodenal mucosa in patients with chronic diffuse liver diseases]. / Izmeneniia slizistoi zheludka i dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki u bolnykh khronicheskimi diffuznymi zabolevaniiami pecheni.

Comprehensive x-ray endoscopic and morphologic examinations of 182 patients with chronic diffuse diseases of the liver were carried out to detect changes in gastroduodenal mucosa and the incidence of these changes in this patient population. Pathologic shifts were revealed in 132 patients (72.6%); various morphologic forms of chronic gastritis were found in 67 (39%), erosions in 41 (23%), gastroduodenal ulcers in 24 (13%) of these. The incidence of the detected changes was in direct correlation with the stage of the underlying disease.

[The state of the veins of the esophagus and the stomach in chronic diffuse liver diseases (based on data from a combined roentgeno-endoscopic and echographic study)]. / Sostoianie ven pishchevoda i zheludka pri khronicheskikh diffuznykh zabolevaniiakh pecheni (po dannym kompleksnogo rentgenoéndoskopicheskogo i ékhograficheskogo issledovaniia).

Combined roentgenological and endoscopic investigation was used to study the state of the esophageal submucous veins. Echography was used for investigation of the gastric subserous veins and esophageal abdominal veins. The results obtained indicate that in the presence of portal hypertension there are two types of shunting: via the esophageal submucous (82%) and subserous (18%) veins. In patients with the predominant affection of the esophageal subserous veins x-ray investigation and endoscopy do not allow correct estimation of the presence and a degree of the gastroesophageal shunt. Echography results enable one to arrive at a correct conclusion in all patients.

[Primary double-contrast study of the large intestine with artificial hypotension (for the diagnosis of acute obstructive blockage of tumor origin)]. / Pervichnoe dvoinoe kontrastirovanie tolstoi kishki v usloviiakh iskusstvennoi ee gipotonii (k diagnostike ostroi obturatsionnoi neprokhodimosti opukholevogo geneza).

A study of 23 patients suffering tumor-associated acute obstruction of the large bowel made a case for application of primary double-contrast examination of the large intestine under artificial hypotension to establish relevant lesions, their site as well as the nature of obturation.

[Ways of improving the diagnosis of acute large intestinal obstruction]. / Puti uluchsheniia diagnostiki ostroi tolstokishechnoi neprokhodimosti.

Great diagnostic value of the method of primary double contrast of the large bowel under conditions of its artificial hypotonia was shown on the basis of the examination of 30 patients with acute impassability of the large bowel.

[Possibilities for improving methods of radiotherapy of esophageal cancer]. / Vozmozhnosti sovershenstvovaniia metodov luchevogo lecheniia raka pishchevoda.

The authors considered 3 variants of radiation therapy of esophageal cancer using megavoltage radiation sources: standard methods including a continuous course, optimized planning including a continuous and split irradiation course. In the use of megavoltage sources and a continuous irradiation course the 5-year survival was 8.8%. The use of a split course in rational dosimetric planning made it possible to improve the 3-year survival up to 22.4% in a split course and up to 11.2% in a continuous course. The use of the optimum dosimetric planning made it possible while irradiationg esophageal cancer patients to reduce radiation exposure of the pulmonary tissue and to achieve a decrease of severe forms of radiation pneumonia.