[Gastric strongyloidiasis imitating peptic ulcer]. / Strongiloidoz zheludka, imitiruiushchii iazvennuiu bolezn'.

The paper describes a case of gastric strongyloidosis in a man of 30, imitating ulcer for which unjustified stomach resection has been performed.

[Combined gastrinoma of the duodenum and glucagonoma of the pancreas]. / Sochetanie gastrinomy dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki i gliukagonomy podzheludochnoi zhelezy.

A female patient, aged 53, with a combined duodenal gastrinoma and pancreatic glucagonoma is reported. Such a combination is an integral part of multiple endocrine neoplasias Type I. In both tumors psammous bodies were found. Gastrinoma was an ulcerogenic tumor resulting in the development of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Glucagonoma for a long time was asymptomatic.

[Granular-cell tumor of the rectum]. / Zernistokletochnaia opukhol' priamoi kishki.

Histological and ultrastructural description of a granular-cell tumor of the rectum in a male of 33 is presented.

[Morphological semeiotics of the celiac-sprue syndrome]. / Morfologicheskaia semiotika sindroma tseliakii-spru.

Sprue is a specific form of the gluten intolerance followed by the atrophy of villous structure and lengthening of crypts of the small intestine crypts. Hereditary factor has been implicated in its development and the immune hypothesis considering the sprue as a manifestation of the hypersensitivity to gluten is the most popular among the existing pathogenetic theories of this disease. The epithelium of atrophied villi reveals the most striking alterations. The content of lymphocytes in the epithelium is increased, high percentage of them being in the state of blast-transformation. The cells of the suppressor-cytotoxic type predominate among intraepithelial lymphocytes, the transfer of lymphocytes into the damaged epithelium is enhanced. Altered epitheliocytes have a smaller surface of the apical plasmalemma and a decreased activity of the associated enzymes. Intercellular epithelial contacts are altered and the basal membrane is damaged. There is an increase in number of T-lymphocytes and plasma cells synthesising IgA, IgM and IgG, in the thickened tunica propria of the small intestine mucous membrane. Lymphocytes-helpers predominate among T-lymphocytes and the ratio lymphocytes-helpers to lymphocytes of the suppressor-cytotoxic type is going down. Restoration of morphological alterations in the small intestine occurs when gluten is excluded from food.

[Structural and regenerative features of the mucosa of the upper portions of the digestive tract in chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer]. / Strukturnye i regeneratornye osobennosti slizistoi obolochki verkhnikh otdelov pishchevaritel'nogo trakta pri khronicheskom gastrite i iazvennoi bolezni.

For the elucidation of the morphological features of the mucous membrane of the upper parts of the alimentary tract and its capacity for regeneration in chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer 212 patients were examined and among them in 81 gastroesophageal reflux was established. Histological, morphometric, and autoradiographic studies showed morphological changes in the mucous membrane of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum to differ in frequency and pattern in patients with chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer. The presence of the accompanying gastroesophageal reflux in the patients examined caused pathological changes in the esophageal mucosa which were more marked in duodenal ulcer. The observed changes in the histostructure in the upper parts of the alimentary tract occurred during increasing proliferative processes of the epithelial tissue which depended on the age of the patients, duration of the disease and the level of gastric secretion. Morphometric examinations of the mucous membranes of the organs under study revealed the distinguishing features of morphogenesis in diseases of the upper parts of the alimentary tract.

[Endocrine aspects of pathology of the upper portions of the gastrointestinal tract]. / Endokrinnye aspekty patologii verkhnikh otdelov zhel udochnokishechnogo trakta.

Light and electron microscopic studies of endocrine cells of the stomach, duodenum, and jejunum, and A-cells of the pancreatic gland of 657 patients with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and postgastroresection complications revealed quantitative and qualitative differences in the conditions of the cells in these diseases. A certain relationship between the content of certain types of endocrine cells of the digestive organs and the acid-producing function of the stomach was found. Duodenal ulcer and peptic ulcer of the anastomosis appear to be characterized by an increase in the number of endocrine cells associated with stimulation of acid production, and by the presence of functionally poorly active cell forms participating in inhibition of this process. Chronic gastritis and post-resection complications seem to be associated with decreased presence of acid-stimulating endocrine cells and increase in the number of cells whose function is connected with inhibition of the gastric secretion.

[Morphology of the pancreas in peptic ulcer and the complications of stomach resection]. / Morfologiia podzheludochnoi zhelezy pri iazvennoi bolezni i oslozhneniiakh rezektsii zheludka.

Morphological examinations of 115 biopsies of the pancreas showed the peptic ulcer and postgastroresection complications not to be the leading factors in the etiology of the pancreatic pathology. Gastric resection does not favour the affection of the pancreas but may aggravate the existing morphological lesions. Despite the lack of crude histological changes in the pancreatic gland in peptic ulcer, ultrastructural signs of a high functional intensity of acinary cells were found which may also be regarded as pathological manifestations. Most marked changes of the histostructure of the pancreatic gland were found in peptic ulcer of the gastroenteroanastomosis. A difference in the A-cell content of pancreatic insulae before and after gastric resection was found. As the pancreatic tissue is frequently intact in the afferent loop syndrome, the leading role of duodenostasis in chronic affection of the pancreatic gland may be disputed.

[Ultrastructural characteristics of the incretory granules of the EC- and ECL-cells of the gastrointestinal tract]. / K ul'trastrukturnoi kharakteristike inkretornykh granul EC- i ECL-kletok zheludochno-kishechnogo trakta.

At least three varieties of EC-cells differing in their density, form and fine structure can be revealed at the ultrastructural study of EC- and ECL-cells of the intestinal tract. Different forms of the incretory granules of the ECL-cells and heterogenous ultrastructural organization of their dense contents in man and animals make is possible not only to distinguish several forms of these cellular elements, but to speak of their specific peculiarities. It is not impossible that the ultrastructural peculiarities revealed in the incretory granules of the endocrine cells explain differences in the nature of histologically active substance which they produce.

[Morphology of the liver and duodenum in excluded small intestine]. / Morfologiia pecheni i dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki pri vykliuchennoi tonkoi kishke.

The results of light microscope and ultrastructural examinations of the liver and duodenum when the small intestine was excluded from the food passage. Along-side with liver steatosis and focal hyperplasia of endocrine cells, an unknown type of cell elements was discovered in duodenal glands most likely related to the humoral regulation of the functional activity of the digestive organs. The leading role of disregeneratory processes in cyst formation in the stomach and duodenum is suggested.

[Morphology of the liver in peptic ulcer and postgastrectomy complications (electron-microscopic study)]. / Morfologiia pecheni pri iazvennoi bolezni i postgastrorezektsionnykh oslozhneniiakh (elektronno-mikroskopicheskoe issledovanie).

Electron microscopic examinations of 13 liver biopsies obtained from 4 patients with duodenal ulcer, 4 with peptic ulcer of gastroenteroanastomosis and 3 with the dumping syndrome showed these diseases to be accompanied by nonspecific ultrastructural changes in hepatocytes, intercellular connections, the system of bile tubules and microcirculatory bed which are more marked in postgastroresection complications and not always correspond to the histological condition of the organ, particularly when changes in its histological structure are not very marked. From the fact that the range of ultrastructural changes in the livers of patients of these groups are more extensive and variable than histological ones, it may be assumed that the intact histostructure of the organ does not exclude the occurrence of pathological processes in it.

[Menetrier's disease associated with a rectal polyp]. / Sochetanie bolezni menetrie s polipom priamoi kishki

A rare case of concomitance of Menetrier's disease and malignant polyp of the rectum in a 53-year old man is described. Histological and histochemical investigations of the polyp and the gastric mucosa showed that the latter was characterized by pronounced hypertrophy with the presence of numerous cysts of different sizes. In malignant areas of the polyp the slackening of Schick's test and activity of some enzymes were observed. The assumption was put forward that morphogenesis of such proliferation is based on similar disregenerative processes, despite different morphological manifestations of these processes depending on their localization.