ABSTRACT
In this study, the impact of the apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing catalytic subunit-like (APOBEC) enzyme APOBEC3B (A3B) on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-driven lung cancer was assessed. A3B expression in EGFR mutant (EGFRmut) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) mouse models constrained tumorigenesis, while A3B expression in tumors treated with EGFR-targeted cancer therapy was associated with treatment resistance. Analyses of human NSCLC models treated with EGFR-targeted therapy showed upregulation of A3B and revealed therapy-induced activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) as an inducer of A3B expression. Significantly reduced viability was observed with A3B deficiency, and A3B was required for the enrichment of APOBEC mutation signatures, in targeted therapy-treated human NSCLC preclinical models. Upregulation of A3B was confirmed in patients with NSCLC treated with EGFR-targeted therapy. This study uncovers the multifaceted roles of A3B in NSCLC and identifies A3B as a potential target for more durable responses to targeted cancer therapy.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung , Lung Neoplasms , Humans , Animals , Mice , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics , Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy , Lung Neoplasms/genetics , Mutation , Up-Regulation/genetics , ErbB Receptors/genetics , ErbB Receptors/metabolism , Cytidine Deaminase/genetics , Minor Histocompatibility Antigens/genetics , Minor Histocompatibility Antigens/metabolismSubject(s)
Clinical Laboratory Techniques , Coronavirus Infections , Health Personnel , Infectious Disease Transmission, Professional-to-Patient/prevention & control , Mass Screening , Pandemics , Pneumonia, Viral , Asymptomatic Diseases , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , COVID-19 Testing , Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control , Coronavirus Infections/transmission , Cross Infection/prevention & control , Health Workforce , Humans , Pandemics/prevention & control , Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control , Pneumonia, Viral/transmission , Quarantine , RNA, Viral/analysis , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , SARS-CoV-2 , United KingdomSubject(s)
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Asymptomatic Infections , COVID-19 Testing , Humans , United Kingdom/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Novel targeted drugs, mainly in oncology, have commanded substantial price premiums in the recent past. Consequently, the attention of pharmaceutical companies has shifted away from the traditional low-price and high-volume blockbuster business model to drugs that command high, and sometimes extremely high, prices in limited markets defined by targeted patient populations. This model may have already passed its zenith, as the impact of more and more high-priced drugs coming to market substantially increases their combined burden on payors and public health finances. This article introduces a new 'balanced value' business model for personalized medicine, leveraging the emerging opportunities to reduce drug development cost and time for targeted therapies. This model allows pharmaceutical companies to charge prices for targeted therapy below the likely future thresholds for payors' willingness to pay, at the same time preserving attractive margins for the drug developers.
