ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial and anticancer properties of a fucoidan extract and subsequent fractions isolated from the macroalgae Fucus vesiculosus. The fractions obtained (>300 kDa, <300 kDa, <100 kDa, <50 kDa and <10 kDa) could inhibit the growth of B. subtilis, E. coli, L. innocua and P. fluorescens when assayed at concentrations between 12,500 and 25,000 ppm. The bacterial growth was monitored by optical density (OD) measurements (600 nm, 24 h) at 30 °C or 37 °C, depending upon on the strain used. The extracted fractions were also tested for cytotoxicity against brain glioblastoma cancer cells using the Alamar Blue assay for 24 h, 48 h and 6 days. The >300 kDa fraction presented the lowest IC50 values (0.052% - 24 h; 0.032% - 6 days). The potential bioactivity of fucoidan as an antimicrobial and anticancer agent was demonstrated in this study. Hence, the related mechanisms of action should be explored in a near future.
Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Bacteria/drug effects , Brain Neoplasms/drug therapy , Fucus/metabolism , Glioma/drug therapy , Polysaccharides/pharmacology , Anti-Infective Agents/chemistry , Anti-Infective Agents/isolation & purification , Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents/isolation & purification , Bacillus subtilis/drug effects , Bacillus subtilis/growth & development , Bacteria/growth & development , Brain Neoplasms/pathology , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Survival/drug effects , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Escherichia coli/growth & development , Glioma/pathology , Humans , Industrial Microbiology , Inhibitory Concentration 50 , Listeria/drug effects , Listeria/growth & development , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Molecular Weight , Polysaccharides/chemistry , Polysaccharides/isolation & purification , Pseudomonas fluorescens/drug effects , Pseudomonas fluorescens/growth & developmentABSTRACT
To determine the purity of extracted fucoidan from brown seaweeds, analytical methods were developed, including spectroscopy (i.e., Attenuate total reflectance (ATR) - Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman) combined with chemometrics; and the results were compared with those of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and other two chemistry methods (i.e., fucoidan estimation based on fucose content and a cationic dye method based on sulphated polysaccharide estimation). Quantitative models (i.e., partial least squares regression (PLSR)) were developed and cross-validated using FT-IR spectroscopic methods (R2CV ~ 0.998, RMSECV ~1.7%). The models were also validated using other four commercial fucoidan products. On the other hand, the same commercial samples were used to validate the two chemistry methods and the HPLC method. Estimation results of these analytical methods were discussed based on the potential of these analytical methods for fucoidan purity determination. The results demonstrated FT-IR spectroscopy with chemometrics potentially could be used for non-destructive and real time determination.
