Knowledge mapping and research trends of the social determinants of health (SDoH): a scientometric analysis.

Social determinants of health (SDoH) play an essential role in the risk of developing diseases or medical disorders. Conducting a comprehensive retrospective analysis is necessary to better understand the development status, research hotspots, and development trends of SDoH research. The bibliometric analysis method is applied based on CiteSpace and VOS viewer to quantitatively analyze and visually review the articles published in the field of SDoH from Web of Science core databases from 2000 to 2021. We quantitatively analyzed the author, institution, and other basic information to probe the development of SDoH and then visually investigated the high-frequency keywords, burst keywords, and keyword clusters to understand better the evolution of hotspots and development directions of SDoH during the study period. Health inequality is the main keyword of the SDoH field, and disease burden is expected to maintain a hotspot in recent years. Further, research methodologies could be improved to explain how upstream SDoH influences human lived experience. Additionally, the SDoH field needs to utilize the horizons of the multidisciplinary approach to consider and discuss sustainable development issues to offer implications for health improvement policy and interventions.

Coupling analysis of population aging and economic growth with spatial-temporal variation: a case study in China.

BACKGROUND: China now faces an increasingly aging society which may exert economic pressure in the long run. This study illustrates the spatial pattern and evolution of population aging and economic development in China. The coupling coordination degree of population aging and economic development at the national and provincial levels are calculated and demonstrated, and the spatial patterns and characteristics are investigated. METHODS: This paper presents a coupling analysis of the elderly population rate (EPR) and per capita Gross Regional Product (GRPpc) in China by using the coupling and coordination model. Further, the spatial pattern and evolution of population aging and economic development are investigated based on the standard deviational ellipse. The collected data is at the level of provincial administrative units in mainland China covering the period 2002 to 2020. RESULTS: The results reveal the spatial difference in the coupling and coordination degree between EPR and GRPpc across provinces. The eastern coastal areas are higher than the central and western regions of China. The orientation and directions of EPR are more than GRPpc, indicating that the polarization in population aging is more severe than economic development. Significant positive correlations between coupling coordination degree and sustainable competitiveness are detected. CONCLUSIONS: Policymakers should fully consider regional differences and sustainable development in policy formulation of China. The western and northeastern provinces should be given priority in the regional sustainable development plan. At the same time, the coordination between population aging and economic development also requires to be examined especially.

Non-linear relations between life expectancy, socio-economic, and air pollution factors: a global assessment with spatial disparities.

Influential factors of socio-economic and air pollution on life expectancy (LE) show complexity. The investigations of non-linear functions of LE, socio-economic, and air pollution factors have not been largely conducted, and spatial and temporal differences of the linear or non-linear relations between LE and the influential factors have been obscured across countries in the world. In this study, the non-linear relations between LE and factors of per capita gross national income (GNIpc), urban population rate (UPR), and fine-particulate (PM2.5) were estimated from 2000 to 2015 by using a generalized additive model (GAM). The collected data included the 219 countries and regions with sufficient data and covers the period 2000-2015. The results demonstrate that at the global level, the GNIpc plays a stable and significant non-linear role in LE, while the non-linear relationships between UPR, PM2.5, and LE are not significant. The temporal variation was further investigated that the non-linear effect of PM2.5 on LE is gradually strengthened, and the non-linear effect of UPR on LE shows a weakened trend. However, GNIpc always plays a significantly non-linear role in the LE level. Furthermore, the spatial difference in the non-linear relations among different continents is detected. In sum, it cannot be ignored the non-linear effects of socio-economic and air pollution factors on LE at a global scale and across different continents.

Impact of urbanization factors on mortality due to unintentional injuries using panel data regression model and spatial-temporal analysis.

Unintentional injuries pose a great risk for human health in China. Few studies have focused on unintentional injuries at national level from urbanization perspective. The panel data of mortality rate of transportation accidents (TA), fall and drowning and sinking (DS) is investigated, and urbanization development index is collected. Global Moran's I and linear regression of panel data are applied to determine the spatial distribution and spatial influencing factors of unintentional injuries. The results are the following: (1) The unintentional injury such as TA, fall, and DS shows clear non-uniformity of spatial distribution and relative immobility through time. (2) A 10,000 tons increase in SO2 emission amount (SO2 EA) and emission of smoke and dust (ESD) can result in 15.7 and 12.5 increases in TA death in eastern region, respectively. Meanwhile, A 10,000 tons increase in NOx emission amount can cause 15.1 increase in TA death in western region. For every 100 billion yuan increase in GDP, the fall death can reduce by 8.4 in central region. One bed increase in number of hospital beds per 10,000 population (NHBP) is favorable for decreasing in fall death by 16.7 in eastern region. However, increase in number of workers enjoying industrial injury (NEWII) does not reduce the fall death in eastern region. (3) For every 1 ten thousand people increase in number of students in ordinary high schools (NSOHS) is conductive to reducing DS death by 7.8 in the western region. Our findings show that there exist spatial differences for urbanization influencing TA, fall, and DS death in eastern, western, and central regions. This study is expected to provide a reference for unintentional injuries control in those three regions.

Inequality of female health and its relation with urbanization level in China: geographic variation perspective.

Urbanization development plays a vital role in the health of modern residents; however, there have been very limited researches to specifically and comprehensively explore the relationship between urbanization level evaluating indicators (ULEIs) and female health outcomes. The mortality rate of breast cancer (BC), cervical cancer (CC), and ovarian cancer (OC) and classified urbanization factor are collected at provincial level. Stepwise regression model (SRM) and geographically weighted regression model (GWRM) are conducted to obtain spatial relationship between the mortality rate of those cancer and ULEI. Our results show that there is remarkable difference of mortality rate of BC, CC, and OC in different provinces as well as higher BC, CC, and OC distributed in northern regions. The increase of value added of primary industry (VAPI), taxi, and coal consumption has detrimental effect on BC and CC. Fuel oil consumption (FOC) ultimately results in increase of mortality rate of BC and OC, and urban fixed asset investment (UFAI) poses a risk to increase the mortality rate of OC. Contrarily, natural gas consumption (NGC) appear to mitigate mortality rate of BC. In particular, our findings demonstrate that there exist spatial differences for VAPI, FOC, NGC, taxi, and coal consumption influencing BC, CC, and OC. It is suggested that policy makers should take account of regional discrepancy and implement a sustainable urbanization development considering female health.

Risk assessment model for different foodstuff drying methods via AHP-FCE method: A case study of "coal-burning" fluorosis area of Yunan and Guizhou Province, China.

Fluorosis is still a serious public health problem in China according to our field investigation. Current foodstuff drying methods were studied to evaluate the state of foodstuff contamination, including burning mixed coal (MC)/coal washing wastes (CWWs)/lump coal (LC)/fuelwood/fine coal + fixing materials (FCFM)/CWWs + fixing materials (CFM) in open stove (OS), honeycomb briquettes (HB) in improved stove (IS), sun-drying. The results demonstrate that elemental contents of F, As, Cd, Cr and Pb in roasted grain were 1.19-40.65 times higher than limting standard. The comprehensive risk of different drying methods based on AHP-FCE is ranked in the order of: CWWs(OS) > MC(OS) > HB(IS) > CFM(OS) > FCFM(OS) > LC(OS) > Fuelwood(OS) > sun-drying. It exhibits obviously higher risk due to burning CWWs/MC in OS than other methods. Burning CFM/FCFM/fuelwood in OS may be an economic and relatively safe foodstuff drying methods.

Relationship between lifespan indicators and elemental background values: A case study in Guangdong Province, China.

There was a significant difference in the distribution of centenarians at county-level in Guangdong Province, China. To carry out an integrated analysis on elemental background values and their relation to lifespan level, samples of environmental media such as drinking water, staple rice and soil were collected in ten counties (non-longevity and longevity areas) in Guangdong Province. Meanwhile, lifespan indicators were calculated based on census data in 2010: the percentage of population aged 80 to 90years (octogenarian index, 80-90%, OI%), the percentage of population aged 90 to 100years (longevity index, 90-100%, LI%), centenarians per one hundred thousand inhabitants (CH). Grey relational analysis (GRA) and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis (SMLR) were conducted. The major results show that the contents of Se, Mo, Ni, K and Zn in drinking water and rice and the content of Se in soil in longevity areas are significantly higher than those in non-longevity areas. Significantly positive correlation between elemental background values (Se, K, Mo, Ni and Zn) and three lifespan indicators shows an increasing trend in the order of OI, LI and CH. However, element Al in rice and soil shows a negative correlation with CH. In addition, the influence degree of elemental background values on LI and CH can be ranked as Se>Mo>K>Zn>Ni. The explanatory power of elemental background values (Se, K, Mo, Ni and Zn) to difference in LI/CH in longevity and non-longevity areas can be ranked: drinking water>rice>soil. The elemental background values (Se, K, Mo, Ni and Zn) have a positive impact on human lifespan, especially for those who live longer than 90years old.

The death of the circulatory system diseases in China: provincial socioeconomic and environmental perspective.

Few studies have explored the association between circulatory system diseases (CSDs) and provincial socioeconomic and environmental factors from spatial perspective, although large literature have focused on CSD. The numbers of death of hypertension disease (HD), ischemic heart disease (IHD), and cerebrovascular disease (CVD) are investigated, and 14 representative socioeconomic and environmental factors are collected. Stepwise regression model (SRM) and geographically weighted regression model (GWRM) are applied to determine the spatial correlation between the number of death of those diseases and selected factors. The results are the following: (1) diseases exhibit a pattern of zonal distribution. Higher HD is mostly distributed in south district, whereas higher IHD and CVD are observed in the north area. (2) SO2 emission amount (SO2 EA) is significantly positively related with HD, while coal consumption (CC) and PM2.5 are notably positively correlated with IHD and CVD. (3) A 10,000 tons increase in SO2 EA results in three increases in the numbers of death of HD. For every 100 ten thousand tons (TTTs) increase in CC, the death of IHD and CVD increases by 11.1 and 15.7, while for every 1 µg/m3 increase in ambient PM2.5 concentration, the numbers of death of IHD and CVD increase by 34.773 and 43.222, respectively. (4) Our findings show that there exist spatial differences for SO2 EA, CC, and PM2.5 influencing HD, IHD, and CVD. This study is expected to provide a reference for HD, IHD, and CVD control in different regions.

Spatial variation of air quality index and urban driving factors linkages: evidence from Chinese cities.

Daily air quality index (AQI) of 161 Chinese cities obtained from the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China in 2015 is conducted. In this study, to better explore spatial distribution and regional characteristic of AQI, global and local spatial autocorrelation is utilized. Pearson's correlation is introduced to determine the influence of single urban indicator on AQI value. Meanwhile, multiple linear stepwise regression is chosen to estimate quantitatively the most influential urban indicators on AQI. The spatial autocorrelation analysis indicates that the AQI value of Chinese 161 cities shows a spatial dependency. Higher AQI is mainly located in north and northwest regions, whereas low AQI is concentrated in the south and the Qinghai-Tibet regions. The low AQI and high AQI values in China both exhibit relative immobility through seasonal variation. The influence degree of three adverse urban driving factors on AQI value is ranked from high to low: coal consumption of manufacturing > building area > coal consumption of the power industry. It is worth noting that the risk of exposed population to poor quality is greater in the northern region than in other regions. The results of the study provide a reference for the formulation of urban policy and improvement of air quality in China.