ABSTRACT
Chimpanzees are especially suited to teach us about ourselves, both in terms of their similarities and differences with human, and such important similarities and differences have also been noted for the incidence and severity of several major human diseases. In the present work, we report the entire mitochondrial genome of the Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes ellioti) for the first time. Results shows that this mitogenome is 16,559 bp long and consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 1 putative non-coding region (D-loop region). The genomic organization and gene order are the same as other Chimpanzees. The whole nucleotide base composition is 31.1% of A, 30.7% of C, 12.9% G, and 25.3% T, with a slight A+T bias of 56.4%. Most of the genes are encoded on H-strand, except for the ND6 subunit gene and 8 tRNA genes. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence reported here provides useful genetic information for P. t. ellioti, and will further contribute to the comparative genomics studies in primates.
Subject(s)
Genome, Mitochondrial , Pan troglodytes/genetics , Animals , Base Pairing/genetics , Base Sequence , Genes, Mitochondrial , Nucleic Acid Conformation , Open Reading Frames/genetics , RNA, Transfer/chemistry , RNA, Transfer/geneticsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To explore the association of 12-lipoxygenase (LOX12) Arg261Gln polymorphism with the risk of hepatic carcinoma in Chinese population. METHODS: A total of 280 cases of hepatic carcinoma and 560 frequency-matched controls were recruited from January 2008 to December 2012 at Hebei United University Affiliated Hospital. The method of PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was employed to genotype LOX12 Arg261Gln polymorphism. And odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated with a model of unconditional Logistic regression. RESULTS: The allelic frequency for LOX12 Arg261Gln was significantly higher in hepatic carcinoma cases than that in controls (0.563 vs 0.437). For the control group, the three genotypes of LOX12 Arg/Arg, Arg/Gln and Gln/Gln were 24.3% (136/560), 52.9% (296/560) and 22.8% (128/560) respectively. For the hepatic carcinoma group, these three genotypes were 19.1% (53/278), 49.3% (137/278) and 31.6% (88/278) respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that, compared with 261 Arg/Arg genotype carriers, the subjects with 261Gln/Gln had increased risks for hepatic carcinoma (OR = 1.83, 95%CI:1.18-2.84). When stratified by smoking status, the 261Gln/Gln carriers had an increased risk of developing hepatic carcinoma (OR = 2.23, 95%CI:1.16-4.26) among smokers, but not among non-smokers. CONCLUSION: LOX12 Arg261Gln polymorphism is associated with the susceptibility to hepatic carcinoma.
Subject(s)
Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase/genetics , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics , Liver Neoplasms/genetics , Adult , Aged , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/epidemiology , Case-Control Studies , Female , Gene Frequency , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Genotype , Humans , Liver Neoplasms/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment LengthABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of escharectomy at different time-points after burn injury on the lymphocyte apoptosis and the antigen presentation function of monocytes in peripheral blood of scalded rats. METHODS: One hundred and thirty-six Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control ( C,n = 8 ), scald ( S, n = 64,without treatment after scald) , A ( n = 40, with escharectomy at 36 post-burn hour( PSH) ) , B ( n = 24, with escharectomy at 72 PSH ) groups. The rats in A , B, S groups were inflicted with 30% TBSA full-thickness scald. The rats in S group were sacrificed on 6,12,24,72,120,168,216, 288 PSH, while those in A and B groups were sacrificed at 72 -288 PSH, 168 -288PSH, respectively. The rats in C group were also sacrificed as control. The apoptotic rate of peripheral lymphocytes, the positive expression rate of MHC- II in mononuclear cells, the changes in concentration of IL-4 and gamma-IFN were determined in each group. The correlation of above indices were also analyzed. RESULTS: (1) The apoptotic rate of peripheral lymphocyte in S group were increased dramatically at 6PSH, peaking at 24 PSH( 18. 19+/-1.42% ) , then decreasing gradually, reaching the lowest level at 72 PSH(8. 25+/-0.56% ) , then it increased gradually again, approaching almost the peak value at 288 PSH( 17.81 +/- 1.99% ). The values were all obviously higher than those in C group( P <0.05). The apoptotic rates of peripheral lymphocyte in A and B groups were evidently lower than that in S group ( P <0. 01). (2) The positive expression rate of MHC-II in monocyte was decreased sharply at 6 PSH, and it was 20% lower than that in C group (37. 2 +/- 2. 4% ) at 24 PSH. It then increased gradually, but it was significantly lower than that in A, B groups at 288 PSH (18. 8 +/-2. 8, P <0.01). (3) The plasma level of y-IFN in S group increased gradually from 6 PSH on, peaking at 24 PSH(440. 8 +/-25. 1 )ng/L,then decreasing gradually , and it reached the lowest level at 288 PSH (51.3 +/-37.0) ng/L. The IL-4 level in S group was increased gradually ,peaking at 288 PSH (78. 1+/-2. 8) ng/L. (4) There was negative correlation between the expression rate of MHC- II in S group and IL-4/gamma-IFN ratio in escharectomy groups during 72 - 288 PSH ( r = - 0. 96, P < 0. 05). CONCLUSION: Eacharectomy after scald can inhibit peripheral lymphocyte apoptosis, slow down the insertional tendency of IL-4/gamma-IFN , and ameliorate the antigen presentation function of monocytes. Moreover, escharectomy during shock stage can markedly promote the immune function of monocytes.