ABSTRACT
The in vitro activities of 10 antimicrobial agents against 159 bacterial vaginosis-associated anaerobic isolates from pregnant Japanese and Thai women were determined. Clindamycin, imipenem, cefmetazole, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, and metronidazole were highly active against all anaerobic isolates except Prevotella bivia and Mobiluncus species, which were resistant to amoxicillin and metronidazole, respectively. Cefotiam, ceftazidime, and ofloxacin were variably effective, while cefaclor was the least effective agent.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacteria, Anaerobic/drug effects , Vaginosis, Bacterial/microbiology , Adult , Colony Count, Microbial , Female , Humans , Japan , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Pregnancy , ThailandABSTRACT
The vaginal flora of 118 Japanese and 208 Thai pregnant women were investigated for the presence of bacterial vaginosis (BV), BV-associated organisms, and BV-associated enzyme. A similar prevalence of BV was found among the Japanese (13.6%) and Thai women (15.9%). The microbial flora of women with BV were complex; the mean number of isolates recovered in the BV group was approximately 2 times more than that in a group of healthy women. Prevotella species, Porphyromonas species, Peptostreptococcus species, Mobiluncus species, Gardnerella vaginalis, and H2O2-nonproducing lactobacilli were significantly associated with BV. These organisms were less associated with H2O2-producing lactobacilli, which were predominant in women with normal flora, suggesting that H2O2-producing lactobacilli have antibacterial activity against BV-associated organisms. The vaginal sialidase assay by means of a filter-paper spot test was not proved to be a useful screening aid for diagnosis of BV because of the low sensitivity (69.4%) of this test.
Subject(s)
Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/microbiology , Vaginosis, Bacterial/microbiology , Adolescent , Adult , Bacteria, Anaerobic/isolation & purification , Candida albicans/isolation & purification , Female , Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria/isolation & purification , Gram-Positive Bacteria/isolation & purification , Gram-Positive Cocci/isolation & purification , Humans , Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism , Japan/epidemiology , Lactobacillus/metabolism , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology , Thailand/epidemiology , Vaginosis, Bacterial/epidemiologyABSTRACT
The indirect hemaglutination test for melioidosis was studied in 295 children who live in the northeastern part of Thailand. Sixty-seven children (22.7%) were healthy children who came to the well baby clinic. Two hundred and twenty-eight children (77.3%) came to the hospital because of some illnesses other than melioidosis. Eighty-three percent of the children had an IHA titer of at least 1:10 or greater. Twenty-two percent had an IHA titer of 1:80 or greater. The prevalence of positive IHA titer and the mean titer were higher in the older age group. The age of children should be considered when interpreting IHA titer for milioidosis.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Burkholderia pseudomallei/immunology , Hemagglutination Tests , Melioidosis/diagnosis , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Melioidosis/epidemiology , Prevalence , Thailand/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Melioidosis, caused by Pseudomonas pseudomallei, occurs in tropical areas and is diagnosed mostly in adults. In Khon Kaen, a province of northeast Thailand, five cases of infantile melioidosis were managed at Srinagarind Hospital. The patient's specimens were submitted to microbiologic and serologic examination for P. pseudomallei demonstrated by indirect hemagglutination. Possible modes of transmission such as environment, perinatal exposure and venereal transmission were investigated.
