Minimization of Carrier Losses for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells through Structural Modification of Triphenylamine Derivatives.

Three hole transport materials (HTMs) based on a substituted triphenylamine moiety have been synthesized and successfully employed in triple-cation mixed-halide PSCs, reaching efficiencies of 19.4 %. The efficiencies, comparable to those obtained using spiro-OMeTAD, point them out as promising candidates for easily attainable and cost-effective alternatives for PSCs, given their facile synthesis from commercially available materials. Interestingly, although all these HTMs show similar chemical and physical properties, they provide different carrier recombination kinetics. Our results demonstrate that is feasible through the molecular design of the HTM to minimize carrier losses and, thus, increase the solar cell efficiencies.