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1.
Article in Spanish | PAHO | ID: pah-15507

ABSTRACT

Las tasas de mortalidad materna e infantil de los Estados Unidos de América son muy altas cuando se comparan con la de muchos países desarrollados. Se han realizado análisis de la interrelación entre el aborto y la mortalidad materna e infantil sobre la base de datos obtenidos en los años setenta y ochenta. Gracias a la legalización del aborto en 1973, la década de los setenta se caracterizó por un aumento muy marcado del aborto legal y una gran reducción de la mortalidad materna e infantil. No obstante, la gran variación de las tasas de aborto y del número de servicios para la interrupción del embarazo indica que en ciertas áreas estos servicios no eran fácilmente accesibles a todos los estratos de la población. Esta falta de acceso podría explicar, en parte, por qué en tales áreas las tasas de mortalidad materna e infantil fueron más altas. El tabaquismo, el poco aumento de peso, el consumo de alcohol y drogas durante el embarazo y la edad materna demasiado corta o avanzada afectaron el resultado de la gestación y contribuyeron a las tasas elevadas de mortalidad infantil, que fueron especialmente altas en hijos de adolescentes o adultos jovenes. Una proporción relativamente grande de estos niños fueron de bajo peso al nacer; una buena proporción de los embarazos no habían sido intencionales, y poco más de la mitad de los mismos en adolescentes y mujeres jóvenes terminaron en abortos. Al comparar los resultados con los de Suecia, se observa que las tasas de embarazos no intencionales, abortos y defunciones infantiles fueron mucho más altas en los Estados Unidos. Las diferencias se atribuyen a la existencia de servicios anticonceptivos de mejor calidad, que en Suecia eran gratuitos o muy baratos. Además, en este país la frecuencia de bajo peso al nacer fue mucho menor


Subject(s)
Family Planning Services , Maternal Mortality/trends , Infant Mortality/trends , Family Planning Services , United States/epidemiology , Abortion, Legal , Pregnancy, Unwanted , Maternal Age
2.
Article in English | PAHO | ID: pah-16354

ABSTRACT

Both maternal and infant death rates in the United States are much higher than in many developed countries. The interrelationships between abortion and maternal and infant mortality have been analized on the basis of data from the 1970s and 1980s. The legalization of abortions in 1973 resulted in a marked increase in legal abortion and marked reductions in maternal and infant mortality over the course of the 1970s. However, a wide variation in abortion rates and in the number of abortion facilities indicates that such facilities were not readily available to all segments of the population in some areas. This probably accounts in part for higher maternal and infant death rates in such areas. Smoking, small weight gain, use of alcohol and drugs in pregnancy, and excessive maternal youth or age affected the outcome of pregnancy and contributed to high rates of infant death. Infant death rates were especially high among newborns of teenagers and young adult mothers; relatively high proportions of these new borns had low birthweights; a large share of the pregnancies involved were unintended; and slightly over half of the unintended pregnancies in teenagers and young women resulted in abortion. Comparisons with findings in Sweden reveal that the rates of unplanned pregnancy, abortion and infant mortality were all much higher in the United States than in Sweden. The differences are attributed to better contraceptive services, which were made available free or very inexpensively in Sweden. Also, the frequency of low weight births was much lower in Sweden (AU)


Subject(s)
Family Planning Services , Maternal Mortality/trends , Infant Mortality , Family Planning Services , Abortion, Legal , Pregnancy, Unwanted , Maternal Age , Infant, Low Birth Weight , United States/epidemiology
3.
Article | PAHO-IRIS | ID: phr-16293

ABSTRACT

Las tasas de mortalidad materna e infantil de los Estados Unidos de América son muy altas cuando se comparan con la de muchos países desarrollados. Se han realizado análisis de la interrelación entre el aborto y la mortalidad materna e infantil sobre la base de datos obtenidos en los años setenta y ochenta. Gracias a la legalización del aborto en 1973, la década de los setenta se caracterizó por un aumento muy marcado del aborto legal y una gran reducción de la mortalidad materna e infantil. No obstante, la gran variación de las tasas de aborto y del número de servicios para la interrupción del embarazo indica que en ciertas áreas estos servicios no eran fácilmente accesibles a todos los estratos de la población. Esta falta de acceso podría explicar, en parte, por qué en tales áreas las tasas de mortalidad materna e infantil fueron más altas. El tabaquismo, el poco aumento de peso, el consumo de alcohol y drogas durante el embarazo y la edad materna demasiado corta o avanzada afectaron el resultado de la gestación y contribuyeron a las tasas elevadas de mortalidad infantil, que fueron especialmente altas en hijos de adolescentes o adultos jovenes. Una proporción relativamente grande de estos niños fueron de bajo peso al nacer; una buena proporción de los embarazos no habían sido intencionales, y poco más de la mitad de los mismos en adolescentes y mujeres jóvenes terminaron en abortos. Al comparar los resultados con los de Suecia, se observa que las tasas de embarazos no intencionales, abortos y defunciones infantiles fueron mucho más altas en los Estados Unidos. Las diferencias se atribuyen a la existencia de servicios anticonceptivos de mejor calidad, que en Suecia eran gratuitos o muy baratos. Además, en este país la frecuencia de bajo peso al nacer fue mucho menor


Subject(s)
Family Planning Services , Maternal Age , United States , Abortion , Pregnancy, Unwanted
4.
Article | PAHO-IRIS | ID: phr-26972

ABSTRACT

Both maternal and infant death rates in the United States are much higher than in many developed countries. The interrelationships between abortion and maternal and infant mortality have been analized on the basis of data from the 1970s and 1980s. The legalization of abortions in 1973 resulted in a marked increase in legal abortion and marked reductions in maternal and infant mortality over the course of the 1970s. However, a wide variation in abortion rates and in the number of abortion facilities indicates that such facilities were not readily available to all segments of the population in some areas. This probably accounts in part for higher maternal and infant death rates in such areas. Smoking, small weight gain, use of alcohol and drugs in pregnancy, and excessive maternal youth or age affected the outcome of pregnancy and contributed to high rates of infant death. Infant death rates were especially high among newborns of teenagers and young adult mothers; relatively high proportions of these new borns had low birthweights; a large share of the pregnancies involved were unintended; and slightly over half of the unintended pregnancies in teenagers and young women resulted in abortion. Comparisons with findings in Sweden reveal that the rates of unplanned pregnancy, abortion and infant mortality were all much higher in the United States than in Sweden. The differences are attributed to better contraceptive services, which were made available free or very inexpensively in Sweden. Also, the frequency of low weight births was much lower in Sweden (AU)


Published in Spanish in the BOSP. Vol. 115, 1993


Subject(s)
Family Planning Services , Maternal Mortality , Infant Mortality , Abortion, Legal , Pregnancy, Unwanted , Maternal Age , Infant, Low Birth Weight , United States
5.
Bol. Oficina Sanit. Panam ; 107(4): 277-295, oct. 1989. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-367857

ABSTRACT

This report presents examples of studies done in the United States on multiple causes of death in adults in all age groups, in infants under one years, and in children. Some studies dealing with multiple factors related to infant mortality are also cited. The multiple cause approach is increasingly being applied to the analysis of mortality statistics, but more work is required to incorporate this new knowledge into the health planning process


Subject(s)
Cause of Death , Mortality , Vital Statistics , Cohort Studies , Infant Mortality , Latin America , United States
6.
7.
Article in Spanish | PAHO | ID: pah-15900

ABSTRACT

¿Cuál es la edad materna más conveniente para tener hijos? ¿Qué intervalos entre los nacimientos deben considerarse satisfactorios? ¿Cuáles son los límites del peso al nacer más favorables para la salud y la supervivencia? Los datos obtenidos en las investigaciones interamericanas de mortalidad sugieren respuestas a estas importantes cuestiones (AU)


Subject(s)
Maternal Mortality , Infant Mortality , Birth Intervals , Birth Weight , Research , International Cooperation , Latin America
8.
Article in Spanish | PAHO | ID: pah-15833

ABSTRACT

El propósito principal de este trabajo consiste en fomentar y facilitar la utilización sistemática de los datos hospitalarios sobre el resultado del embarazo, y de esta manera contribuir a satisfacer las necesidades de los programas básicos de salud. Esta labor serviría también de base para la recolección y utilización de estos datos en un sistema de estadísticas vitales(AU)


Subject(s)
Birth Weight , Infant Mortality/trends , United States/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Mexico/epidemiology , El Salvador/epidemiology
13.
Article | PAHO-IRIS | ID: phr-47407

ABSTRACT

Includes: 1. Inter-American investigation of mortality in childhood: report of meeting of principal collaborators.- 2. Provisional report


Meeting of the Advisory Committee on Medical Research, 11. Pan American Health Organization; 19-23 Jun. 1972


Subject(s)
Research , Infant Mortality , Latin America , Caribbean Region , Policy Making
16.
Article | PAHO-IRIS | ID: phr-47441

ABSTRACT

Meeting of the Advisory Committee on Medical Research, 9. Pan American Health Organization; 15-19 Jun. 1970


Subject(s)
Research , Infant Mortality , Latin America , Caribbean Region , Policy Making
18.
Article in Spanish | PAHO | ID: pah-34621

ABSTRACT

The epidemiology of arteriosclerotic hearth disease has changed form a strictly biological concept of medical ecology to a broader one which considers the life forms of the host in addition to the interaction between the host and his natural environment. Thus, consideration must be given to other parameters besides the traditional ones of sex, age, etc., and an ad hoc methodology must be developed which will be applicable to the largest possible number of areas and circumstances


To that end, a study was made to relate mortality due to tuberculosis and arteriosclerotic disease of the heart to social factors. Material prepared by the Inter-American Investigation of Mortality was used for the purpose. (It is based on the absolute numbers of weighted deaths distributed by cause, occupation, sex, and 10-year age groups, ranging from 15 to 74 years)


Ten of the twelve cities studied under this survey were located in Latin America, and the other two were San Francisco in the United States, and Bristol in the United Kingdom. The following social classes were established: A) leading professions and business; B) lesser professions and business, as well as skilled non-manual workers; and C) skilled manual workers, and semi-skilled and unskilled workers. In all 12 cities, of the deaths of males, 13 per cent were from occupations under Class A, 20 per cent under Class B, and 67 per cent under Class C. ...(AU)


Subject(s)
Coronary Artery Disease , Social Class , Latin America
20.
Article | PAHO-IRIS | ID: phr-12432

ABSTRACT

Epidemiology is no longer concerned with only the medical factors involved in the interaction of host and environment. As now conceived, it deals with a more complex network of interrelationships, formed by the host, his natural environment, and-as an added factor-his way of life. This modern approach requires the development of a special methodology applicable to the greatest possible number of areas and circumstances.


Subject(s)
Coronary Artery Disease , Social Class , Latin America
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